diff --git a/extensions/feishu/src/bot.broadcast.test.ts b/extensions/feishu/src/bot.broadcast.test.ts
index c3ffb0a8b90..8f718ad8e21 100644
--- a/extensions/feishu/src/bot.broadcast.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/feishu/src/bot.broadcast.test.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { createPluginRuntimeMock } from "../../../test/helpers/extensions/plugin-runtime-mock.js";
 import { createRuntimeEnv } from "../../../test/helpers/extensions/runtime-env.js";
 import type { ClawdbotConfig, PluginRuntime } from "../runtime-api.js";
 import type { FeishuMessageEvent } from "./bot.js";
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ describe("broadcast dispatch", () => {
           },
         },
       },
-    } as unknown as ClawdbotConfig;
+    };
   }
 
   function createBroadcastEvent(options: {
@@ -122,38 +123,40 @@ describe("broadcast dispatch", () => {
         },
       },
     });
-    setFeishuRuntime({
-      system: {
-        enqueueSystemEvent: vi.fn(),
-      },
-      channel: {
-        routing: {
-          resolveAgentRoute: mockResolveAgentRoute,
+    setFeishuRuntime(
+      createPluginRuntimeMock({
+        system: {
+          enqueueSystemEvent: vi.fn(),
         },
-        reply: {
-          resolveEnvelopeFormatOptions: vi.fn(() => ({ template: "channel+name+time" })),
-          formatAgentEnvelope: vi.fn((params: { body: string }) => params.body),
-          finalizeInboundContext: mockFinalizeInboundContext,
-          dispatchReplyFromConfig: mockDispatchReplyFromConfig,
-          withReplyDispatcher: mockWithReplyDispatcher,
-        },
-        commands: {
-          shouldComputeCommandAuthorized: mockShouldComputeCommandAuthorized,
-          resolveCommandAuthorizedFromAuthorizers: vi.fn(() => false),
+        channel: {
+          routing: {
+            resolveAgentRoute: (params) => mockResolveAgentRoute(params),
+          },
+          reply: {
+            resolveEnvelopeFormatOptions: vi.fn(() => ({ template: "channel+name+time" })),
+            formatAgentEnvelope: vi.fn((params: { body: string }) => params.body),
+            finalizeInboundContext: mockFinalizeInboundContext,
+            dispatchReplyFromConfig: mockDispatchReplyFromConfig,
+            withReplyDispatcher: mockWithReplyDispatcher,
+          },
+          commands: {
+            shouldComputeCommandAuthorized: mockShouldComputeCommandAuthorized,
+            resolveCommandAuthorizedFromAuthorizers: vi.fn(() => false),
+          },
+          media: {
+            saveMediaBuffer: mockSaveMediaBuffer,
+          },
+          pairing: {
+            readAllowFromStore: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue([]),
+            upsertPairingRequest: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ code: "ABCDEFGH", created: false }),
+            buildPairingReply: vi.fn(() => "Pairing response"),
+          },
         },
         media: {
-          saveMediaBuffer: mockSaveMediaBuffer,
+          detectMime: vi.fn(async () => "application/octet-stream"),
         },
-        pairing: {
-          readAllowFromStore: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue([]),
-          upsertPairingRequest: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ code: "ABCDEFGH", created: false }),
-          buildPairingReply: vi.fn(() => "Pairing response"),
-        },
-      },
-      media: {
-        detectMime: vi.fn(async () => "application/octet-stream"),
-      },
-    } as unknown as PluginRuntime);
+      }),
+    );
   });
 
   it("dispatches to all broadcast agents when bot is mentioned", async () => {
@@ -229,7 +232,7 @@ describe("broadcast dispatch", () => {
           },
         },
       },
-    } as ClawdbotConfig;
+    };
 
     const event: FeishuMessageEvent = {
       sender: { sender_id: { open_id: "ou-sender" } },
@@ -270,7 +273,7 @@ describe("broadcast dispatch", () => {
           },
         },
       },
-    } as unknown as ClawdbotConfig;
+    };
 
     const event: FeishuMessageEvent = {
       sender: { sender_id: { open_id: "ou-sender" } },
@@ -316,7 +319,7 @@ describe("broadcast dispatch", () => {
           },
         },
       },
-    } as unknown as ClawdbotConfig;
+    };
 
     const event: FeishuMessageEvent = {
       sender: { sender_id: { open_id: "ou-sender" } },
diff --git a/extensions/feishu/src/monitor.broadcast.reply-once.lifecycle.test.ts b/extensions/feishu/src/monitor.broadcast.reply-once.lifecycle.test.ts
index cf20cf7a5e2..eeae4a80412 100644
--- a/extensions/feishu/src/monitor.broadcast.reply-once.lifecycle.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/feishu/src/monitor.broadcast.reply-once.lifecycle.test.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import {
 import { createNonExitingRuntimeEnv } from "../../../test/helpers/extensions/runtime-env.js";
 import type { ClawdbotConfig, RuntimeEnv } from "../runtime-api.js";
 import { getFeishuLifecycleTestMocks } from "./lifecycle.test-support.js";
-import type { ResolvedFeishuAccount } from "./types.js";
+import type { FeishuConfig, ResolvedFeishuAccount } from "./types.js";
 
 const {
   createEventDispatcherMock,
@@ -88,6 +88,18 @@ function createLifecycleConfig(): ClawdbotConfig {
 }
 
 function createLifecycleAccount(accountId: "account-A" | "account-B"): ResolvedFeishuAccount {
+  const config: FeishuConfig = {
+    enabled: true,
+    connectionMode: "websocket",
+    groupPolicy: "open",
+    requireMention: false,
+    resolveSenderNames: false,
+    groups: {
+      oc_broadcast_group: {
+        requireMention: false,
+      },
+    },
+  };
   return {
     accountId,
     selectionSource: "explicit",
@@ -96,19 +108,8 @@ function createLifecycleAccount(accountId: "account-A" | "account-B"): ResolvedF
     appId: accountId === "account-A" ? "cli_a" : "cli_b",
     appSecret: accountId === "account-A" ? "secret_a" : "secret_b", // pragma: allowlist secret
     domain: "feishu",
-    config: {
-      enabled: true,
-      connectionMode: "websocket",
-      groupPolicy: "open",
-      requireMention: false,
-      resolveSenderNames: false,
-      groups: {
-        oc_broadcast_group: {
-          requireMention: false,
-        },
-      },
-    },
-  } as unknown as ResolvedFeishuAccount;
+    config,
+  };
 }
 
 async function setupLifecycleMonitor(accountId: "account-A" | "account-B") {
diff --git a/extensions/feishu/src/reply-dispatcher.test.ts b/extensions/feishu/src/reply-dispatcher.test.ts
index 656ee8b3928..8d40e18413c 100644
--- a/extensions/feishu/src/reply-dispatcher.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/feishu/src/reply-dispatcher.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 
+type StreamingSessionStub = {
+  active: boolean;
+  start: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  update: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  close: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  isActive: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+};
+
 const resolveFeishuAccountMock = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
 const getFeishuRuntimeMock = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
 const sendMessageFeishuMock = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
@@ -11,7 +19,7 @@ const resolveReceiveIdTypeMock = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
 const createReplyDispatcherWithTypingMock = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
 const addTypingIndicatorMock = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn(async () => ({ messageId: "om_msg" })));
 const removeTypingIndicatorMock = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn(async () => {}));
-const streamingInstances = vi.hoisted(() => [] as any[]);
+const streamingInstances = vi.hoisted((): StreamingSessionStub[] => []);
 
 vi.mock("./accounts.js", () => ({
   resolveFeishuAccount: resolveFeishuAccountMock,
@@ -667,16 +675,16 @@ describe("createFeishuReplyDispatcher streaming behavior", () => {
     let shouldFailStart = true;
 
     // Intercept streaming instance creation to make first start() reject
-    const origPush = streamingInstances.push;
-    streamingInstances.push = function (this: any[], ...args: any[]) {
+    const origPush = streamingInstances.push.bind(streamingInstances);
+    streamingInstances.push = (...args: StreamingSessionStub[]) => {
       if (shouldFailStart) {
         args[0].start = vi
           .fn()
           .mockRejectedValue(new Error("Create card request failed with HTTP 400"));
         shouldFailStart = false;
       }
-      return origPush.apply(this, args);
-    } as any;
+      return origPush(...args);
+    };
 
     try {
       createFeishuReplyDispatcher({