feat(server): Server.openapi() backed by HttpApi spec

Switch the OpenAPI document used by the SDK build (and `bun dev generate`)
from the legacy Hono backend to `OpenApi.fromApi(PublicApi)`.

The Effect HttpApi backend already covers every Hono route — the bridge
test in `httpapi-bridge.test.ts` audits this — and `PublicApi` already
applies the legacy-shape transforms (instance query params, optional-null
stripping, SSE schemas, component renames). The spec-emitting path was
the last piece still rooted in Hono.

The Hono path is preserved as `Server.openapiHono()` and `bun dev generate
--hono` so reviewers can diff the two outputs while the Hono backend
lingers; both go away with the Hono backend itself.

Verified the new default matches the previous `--httpapi` output
byte-for-byte and the SDK build round-trips cleanly.

README.md

@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ It's very similar to Claude Code in terms of capability. Here are the key differ
 
 - 100% open source
 - Not coupled to any provider. Although we recommend the models we provide through [OpenCode Zen](https://opencode.ai/zen), OpenCode can be used with Claude, OpenAI, Google, or even local models. As models evolve, the gaps between them will close and pricing will drop, so being provider-agnostic is important.
-- Out-of-the-box LSP support
+- Built-in opt-in LSP support
 - A focus on TUI. OpenCode is built by neovim users and the creators of [terminal.shop](https://terminal.shop); we are going to push the limits of what's possible in the terminal.
 - A client/server architecture. This, for example, can allow OpenCode to run on your computer while you drive it remotely from a mobile app, meaning that the TUI frontend is just one of the possible clients.
 

bun.lock

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     },
     "packages/app": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/app",
-      "version": "1.14.31",
+      "version": "1.14.33",
       "dependencies": {
         "@kobalte/core": "catalog:",
         "@opencode-ai/core": "workspace:*",
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
     },
     "packages/console/app": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/console-app",
-      "version": "1.14.31",
+      "version": "1.14.33",
       "dependencies": {
         "@cloudflare/vite-plugin": "1.15.2",
         "@ibm/plex": "6.4.1",
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
     },
     "packages/console/core": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/console-core",
-      "version": "1.14.31",
+      "version": "1.14.33",
       "dependencies": {
         "@aws-sdk/client-sts": "3.782.0",
         "@jsx-email/render": "1.1.1",
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
     },
     "packages/console/function": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/console-function",
-      "version": "1.14.31",
+      "version": "1.14.33",
       "dependencies": {
         "@ai-sdk/anthropic": "3.0.64",
         "@ai-sdk/openai": "3.0.48",
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
     },
     "packages/console/mail": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/console-mail",
-      "version": "1.14.31",
+      "version": "1.14.33",
       "dependencies": {
         "@jsx-email/all": "2.2.3",
         "@jsx-email/cli": "1.4.3",
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@
     },
     "packages/core": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/core",
-      "version": "1.14.31",
+      "version": "1.14.33",
       "bin": {
         "opencode": "./bin/opencode",
       },
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@
     },
     "packages/desktop": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/desktop",
-      "version": "1.14.31",
+      "version": "1.14.33",
       "dependencies": {
         "@opencode-ai/app": "workspace:*",
         "@opencode-ai/ui": "workspace:*",
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@
     },
     "packages/desktop-electron": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/desktop-electron",
-      "version": "1.14.31",
+      "version": "1.14.33",
       "dependencies": {
         "drizzle-orm": "catalog:",
         "effect": "catalog:",
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@
     },
     "packages/enterprise": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/enterprise",
-      "version": "1.14.31",
+      "version": "1.14.33",
       "dependencies": {
         "@opencode-ai/core": "workspace:*",
         "@opencode-ai/ui": "workspace:*",
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@
     },
     "packages/function": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/function",
-      "version": "1.14.31",
+      "version": "1.14.33",
       "dependencies": {
         "@octokit/auth-app": "8.0.1",
         "@octokit/rest": "catalog:",
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@
     },
     "packages/opencode": {
       "name": "opencode",
-      "version": "1.14.31",
+      "version": "1.14.33",
       "bin": {
         "opencode": "./bin/opencode",
       },
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@
     },
     "packages/plugin": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/plugin",
-      "version": "1.14.31",
+      "version": "1.14.33",
       "dependencies": {
         "@opencode-ai/sdk": "workspace:*",
         "effect": "catalog:",
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@
     },
     "packages/sdk/js": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/sdk",
-      "version": "1.14.31",
+      "version": "1.14.33",
       "dependencies": {
         "cross-spawn": "catalog:",
       },
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@
     },
     "packages/slack": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/slack",
-      "version": "1.14.31",
+      "version": "1.14.33",
       "dependencies": {
         "@opencode-ai/sdk": "workspace:*",
         "@slack/bolt": "^3.17.1",
@@ -581,7 +581,7 @@
     },
     "packages/ui": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/ui",
-      "version": "1.14.31",
+      "version": "1.14.33",
       "dependencies": {
         "@kobalte/core": "catalog:",
         "@opencode-ai/core": "workspace:*",
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@
     },
     "packages/web": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/web",
-      "version": "1.14.31",
+      "version": "1.14.33",
       "dependencies": {
         "@astrojs/cloudflare": "12.6.3",
         "@astrojs/markdown-remark": "6.3.1",
@@ -715,7 +715,7 @@
     "dompurify": "3.3.1",
     "drizzle-kit": "1.0.0-beta.19-d95b7a4",
     "drizzle-orm": "1.0.0-beta.19-d95b7a4",
-    "effect": "4.0.0-beta.57",
+    "effect": "4.0.0-beta.59",
     "fuzzysort": "3.1.0",
     "hono": "4.10.7",
     "hono-openapi": "1.1.2",
@@ -3078,7 +3078,7 @@
 
     "ee-first": ["ee-first@1.1.1", "", {}, "sha512-WMwm9LhRUo+WUaRN+vRuETqG89IgZphVSNkdFgeb6sS/E4OrDIN7t48CAewSHXc6C8lefD8KKfr5vY61brQlow=="],
 
-    "effect": ["effect@4.0.0-beta.57", "", { "dependencies": { "@standard-schema/spec": "^1.1.0", "fast-check": "^4.6.0", "find-my-way-ts": "^0.1.6", "ini": "^6.0.0", "kubernetes-types": "^1.30.0", "msgpackr": "^1.11.9", "multipasta": "^0.2.7", "toml": "^4.1.1", "uuid": "^13.0.0", "yaml": "^2.8.3" } }, "sha512-rg32VgXnLKaPRs9tbRDaZ5jxmzNY7ojXt85gSHGUTwdlbWH5Ik+OCUY2q14TXliygPGoHwCAvNWS4bQJOqf00g=="],
+    "effect": ["effect@4.0.0-beta.59", "", { "dependencies": { "@standard-schema/spec": "^1.1.0", "fast-check": "^4.6.0", "find-my-way-ts": "^0.1.6", "ini": "^6.0.0", "kubernetes-types": "^1.30.0", "msgpackr": "^1.11.9", "multipasta": "^0.2.7", "toml": "^4.1.1", "uuid": "^13.0.0", "yaml": "^2.8.3" } }, "sha512-xyUDLeHSe8d6lWGOvR6Fgn2HL6gYeTZ/S4Jzk9uc4ZUxMPPsNZlNXrvk0C7/utQFzeX7uAWcVnG2BjbA0SRoAA=="],
 
     "ejs": ["ejs@3.1.10", "", { "dependencies": { "jake": "^10.8.5" }, "bin": { "ejs": "bin/cli.js" } }, "sha512-UeJmFfOrAQS8OJWPZ4qtgHyWExa088/MtK5UEyoJGFH67cDEXkZSviOiKRCZ4Xij0zxI3JECgYs3oKx+AizQBA=="],
 

nix/hashes.json

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 {
   "nodeModules": {
-    "x86_64-linux": "sha256-SLWRe4uPSRWgU+NPa1BywmrUtNVIC0Oy2mjmxclxk+s=",
-    "aarch64-linux": "sha256-toHEeIqMzrmThoV0B52juGKm4pa/aJN3gBFFtrSZp2Q=",
-    "aarch64-darwin": "sha256-lYUsUxq5zR2RXjqZTEdjduOncnlwvTlxDJVKWXJuKPY=",
-    "x86_64-darwin": "sha256-77XmuEYqGwb1mkEHfnghq1VtukFTneohA0FW6WDOk1U="
+    "x86_64-linux": "sha256-9wTDLZsuGjkWyVOb6AG2VRYPiaSj/lnXwVkSwNeDcns=",
+    "aarch64-linux": "sha256-gmKlL2fQxY8bo+//8m9e1TNYJK3RXa4i8xsgtd046bc=",
+    "aarch64-darwin": "sha256-ENSJK+7rZi3m342mjtGg9N0P6zWEypXMpI7QdFMydbc=",
+    "x86_64-darwin": "sha256-gkxCxGh5dlwj03vZdz20pbiAwFEDpAlu/5iU8cwZOGI="
   }
 }

nix/node_modules.nix

@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@ stdenvNoCC.mkDerivation {
       --filter './packages/opencode' \
       --filter './packages/desktop' \
       --filter './packages/app' \
-      --filter './packages/shared' \
       --frozen-lockfile \
       --ignore-scripts \
       --no-progress

package.json

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
       "dompurify": "3.3.1",
       "drizzle-kit": "1.0.0-beta.19-d95b7a4",
       "drizzle-orm": "1.0.0-beta.19-d95b7a4",
-      "effect": "4.0.0-beta.57",
+      "effect": "4.0.0-beta.59",
       "ai": "6.0.168",
       "cross-spawn": "7.0.6",
       "hono": "4.10.7",

packages/app/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@opencode-ai/app",
-  "version": "1.14.31",
+  "version": "1.14.33",
   "description": "",
   "type": "module",
   "exports": {

packages/console/app/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@opencode-ai/console-app",
-  "version": "1.14.31",
+  "version": "1.14.33",
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
   "scripts": {

packages/console/core/package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
   "name": "@opencode-ai/console-core",
-  "version": "1.14.31",
+  "version": "1.14.33",
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",

packages/console/function/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@opencode-ai/console-function",
-  "version": "1.14.31",
+  "version": "1.14.33",
   "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",

packages/console/mail/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@opencode-ai/console-mail",
-  "version": "1.14.31",
+  "version": "1.14.33",
   "dependencies": {
     "@jsx-email/all": "2.2.3",
     "@jsx-email/cli": "1.4.3",

packages/core/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
-  "version": "1.14.31",
+  "version": "1.14.33",
   "name": "@opencode-ai/core",
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",

packages/core/src/flag/flag.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { Config } from "effect"
+import { InstallationChannel } from "../installation/version"
 
 function truthy(key: string) {
   const value = process.env[key]?.toLowerCase()
@@ -10,6 +11,10 @@ function falsy(key: string) {
   return value === "false" || value === "0"
 }
 
+// Channels that default to the new effect-httpapi server backend. The legacy
+// hono backend remains the default for stable (`prod`/`latest`) installs.
+const HTTPAPI_DEFAULT_ON_CHANNELS = new Set(["dev", "beta", "local"])
+
 function number(key: string) {
   const value = process.env[key]
   if (!value) return undefined
@@ -81,8 +86,16 @@ export const Flag = {
   OPENCODE_STRICT_CONFIG_DEPS: truthy("OPENCODE_STRICT_CONFIG_DEPS"),
 
   OPENCODE_WORKSPACE_ID: process.env["OPENCODE_WORKSPACE_ID"],
-  OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_HTTPAPI: truthy("OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_HTTPAPI"),
+  // Defaults to true on dev/beta/local channels so internal users exercise the
+  // new effect-httpapi server backend. Stable (`prod`/`latest`) installs stay
+  // on the legacy hono backend until the rollout is complete. An explicit env
+  // var ("true"/"1" or "false"/"0") always wins, providing an opt-in for
+  // stable users and an escape hatch for dev/beta users.
+  OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_HTTPAPI:
+    truthy("OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_HTTPAPI") ||
+    (!falsy("OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_HTTPAPI") && HTTPAPI_DEFAULT_ON_CHANNELS.has(InstallationChannel)),
   OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_WORKSPACES: OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL || truthy("OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_WORKSPACES"),
+  OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_EVENT_SYSTEM: OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL || truthy("OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_EVENT_SYSTEM"),
 
   // Evaluated at access time (not module load) because tests, the CLI, and
   // external tooling set these env vars at runtime.

packages/core/src/util/log.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+export * as Log from "./log"
+
 import path from "path"
 import fs from "fs/promises"
 import { createWriteStream } from "fs"

packages/desktop-electron/package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "@opencode-ai/desktop-electron",
   "private": true,
-  "version": "1.14.31",
+  "version": "1.14.33",
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
   "homepage": "https://opencode.ai",

packages/desktop-electron/src/renderer/webview-zoom.ts

@@ -26,13 +26,20 @@ const applyZoom = (next: number) => {
 window.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => {
   if (!(OS_NAME === "macos" ? event.metaKey : event.ctrlKey)) return
 
-  let newZoom = webviewZoom()
-
-  if (event.key === "-") newZoom -= 0.2
-  if (event.key === "=" || event.key === "+") newZoom += 0.2
-  if (event.key === "0") newZoom = 1
-
-  applyZoom(clamp(newZoom))
+  if (event.key === "-") {
+    event.preventDefault()
+    applyZoom(clamp(webviewZoom() - 0.2))
+    return
+  }
+  if (event.key === "=" || event.key === "+") {
+    event.preventDefault()
+    applyZoom(clamp(webviewZoom() + 0.2))
+    return
+  }
+  if (event.key === "0") {
+    event.preventDefault()
+    applyZoom(1)
+  }
 })
 
 export { webviewZoom }

packages/desktop/package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "@opencode-ai/desktop",
   "private": true,
-  "version": "1.14.31",
+  "version": "1.14.33",
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
   "scripts": {

packages/enterprise/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@opencode-ai/enterprise",
-  "version": "1.14.31",
+  "version": "1.14.33",
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",

packages/extensions/zed/extension.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 id = "opencode"
 name = "OpenCode"
 description = "The open source coding agent."
-version = "1.14.31"
+version = "1.14.33"
 schema_version = 1
 authors = ["Anomaly"]
 repository = "https://github.com/anomalyco/opencode"
@@ -11,26 +11,26 @@ name = "OpenCode"
 icon = "./icons/opencode.svg"
 
 [agent_servers.opencode.targets.darwin-aarch64]
-archive = "https://github.com/anomalyco/opencode/releases/download/v1.14.31/opencode-darwin-arm64.zip"
+archive = "https://github.com/anomalyco/opencode/releases/download/v1.14.33/opencode-darwin-arm64.zip"
 cmd = "./opencode"
 args = ["acp"]
 
 [agent_servers.opencode.targets.darwin-x86_64]
-archive = "https://github.com/anomalyco/opencode/releases/download/v1.14.31/opencode-darwin-x64.zip"
+archive = "https://github.com/anomalyco/opencode/releases/download/v1.14.33/opencode-darwin-x64.zip"
 cmd = "./opencode"
 args = ["acp"]
 
 [agent_servers.opencode.targets.linux-aarch64]
-archive = "https://github.com/anomalyco/opencode/releases/download/v1.14.31/opencode-linux-arm64.tar.gz"
+archive = "https://github.com/anomalyco/opencode/releases/download/v1.14.33/opencode-linux-arm64.tar.gz"
 cmd = "./opencode"
 args = ["acp"]
 
 [agent_servers.opencode.targets.linux-x86_64]
-archive = "https://github.com/anomalyco/opencode/releases/download/v1.14.31/opencode-linux-x64.tar.gz"
+archive = "https://github.com/anomalyco/opencode/releases/download/v1.14.33/opencode-linux-x64.tar.gz"
 cmd = "./opencode"
 args = ["acp"]
 
 [agent_servers.opencode.targets.windows-x86_64]
-archive = "https://github.com/anomalyco/opencode/releases/download/v1.14.31/opencode-windows-x64.zip"
+archive = "https://github.com/anomalyco/opencode/releases/download/v1.14.33/opencode-windows-x64.zip"
 cmd = "./opencode.exe"
 args = ["acp"]

packages/function/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@opencode-ai/function",
-  "version": "1.14.31",
+  "version": "1.14.33",
   "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",

packages/opencode/migration/20260427172553_slow_nightmare/migration.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+CREATE TABLE `session_message` (
+	`id` text PRIMARY KEY,
+	`session_id` text NOT NULL,
+	`type` text NOT NULL,
+	`time_created` integer NOT NULL,
+	`time_updated` integer NOT NULL,
+	`data` text NOT NULL,
+	CONSTRAINT `fk_session_message_session_id_session_id_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`session_id`) REFERENCES `session`(`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE
+);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS `session_entry_session_idx`;--> statement-breakpoint
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS `session_entry_session_type_idx`;--> statement-breakpoint
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS `session_entry_time_created_idx`;--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE INDEX `session_message_session_idx` ON `session_message` (`session_id`);--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE INDEX `session_message_session_type_idx` ON `session_message` (`session_id`,`type`);--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE INDEX `session_message_time_created_idx` ON `session_message` (`time_created`);--> statement-breakpoint
+DROP TABLE `session_entry`;

packages/opencode/migration/20260428004200_add_session_path/snapshot.json

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   "version": "7",
   "dialect": "sqlite",
   "id": "aaa2ebeb-caa4-478d-8365-4fc595d16856",
-  "prevIds": ["66cbe0d7-def0-451b-b88a-7608513a9b44"],
+  "prevIds": ["61f807f9-6398-4067-be05-804acc2561bc"],
   "ddl": [
     {
       "name": "account_state",
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
       "entityType": "tables"
     },
     {
-      "name": "session_entry",
+      "name": "session_message",
       "entityType": "tables"
     },
     {
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@
       "generated": null,
       "name": "id",
       "entityType": "columns",
-      "table": "session_entry"
+      "table": "session_message"
     },
     {
       "type": "text",
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@
       "generated": null,
       "name": "session_id",
       "entityType": "columns",
-      "table": "session_entry"
+      "table": "session_message"
     },
     {
       "type": "text",
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@
       "generated": null,
       "name": "type",
       "entityType": "columns",
-      "table": "session_entry"
+      "table": "session_message"
     },
     {
       "type": "integer",
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@
       "generated": null,
       "name": "time_created",
       "entityType": "columns",
-      "table": "session_entry"
+      "table": "session_message"
     },
     {
       "type": "integer",
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@
       "generated": null,
       "name": "time_updated",
       "entityType": "columns",
-      "table": "session_entry"
+      "table": "session_message"
     },
     {
       "type": "text",
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@
       "generated": null,
       "name": "data",
       "entityType": "columns",
-      "table": "session_entry"
+      "table": "session_message"
     },
     {
       "type": "text",
@@ -1112,9 +1112,9 @@
       "onUpdate": "NO ACTION",
       "onDelete": "CASCADE",
       "nameExplicit": false,
-      "name": "fk_session_entry_session_id_session_id_fk",
+      "name": "fk_session_message_session_id_session_id_fk",
       "entityType": "fks",
-      "table": "session_entry"
+      "table": "session_message"
     },
     {
       "columns": ["project_id"],
@@ -1226,8 +1226,8 @@
     {
       "columns": ["id"],
       "nameExplicit": false,
-      "name": "session_entry_pk",
-      "table": "session_entry",
+      "name": "session_message_pk",
+      "table": "session_message",
       "entityType": "pks"
     },
     {
@@ -1322,9 +1322,9 @@
       "isUnique": false,
       "where": null,
       "origin": "manual",
-      "name": "session_entry_session_idx",
+      "name": "session_message_session_idx",
       "entityType": "indexes",
-      "table": "session_entry"
+      "table": "session_message"
     },
     {
       "columns": [
@@ -1340,9 +1340,9 @@
       "isUnique": false,
       "where": null,
       "origin": "manual",
-      "name": "session_entry_session_type_idx",
+      "name": "session_message_session_type_idx",
       "entityType": "indexes",
-      "table": "session_entry"
+      "table": "session_message"
     },
     {
       "columns": [
@@ -1354,9 +1354,9 @@
       "isUnique": false,
       "where": null,
       "origin": "manual",
-      "name": "session_entry_time_created_idx",
+      "name": "session_message_time_created_idx",
       "entityType": "indexes",
-      "table": "session_entry"
+      "table": "session_message"
     },
     {
       "columns": [

packages/opencode/migration/20260501142318_next_venus/migration.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ALTER TABLE `session` ADD `agent` text;--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `session` ADD `model` text;

packages/opencode/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
-  "version": "1.14.31",
+  "version": "1.14.33",
   "name": "opencode",
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",

packages/opencode/script/build.ts

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ const createEmbeddedWebUIBundle = async () => {
   await $`bun run --cwd ${appDir} build`
   const files = (await Array.fromAsync(new Bun.Glob("**/*").scan({ cwd: dist })))
     .map((file) => file.replaceAll("\\", "/"))
+    .filter((file) => !file.endsWith(".map"))
     .sort()
   const imports = files.map((file, i) => {
     const spec = path.relative(dir, path.join(dist, file)).replaceAll("\\", "/")

packages/opencode/src/acp/agent.ts

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ import { LoadAPIKeyError } from "ai"
 import type { AssistantMessage, Event, OpencodeClient, SessionMessageResponse, ToolPart } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2"
 import { applyPatch } from "diff"
 import { InstallationVersion } from "@opencode-ai/core/installation/version"
+import { ShellID } from "@/tool/shell/id"
 
 type ModeOption = { id: string; name: string; description?: string }
 type ModelOption = { modelId: string; name: string }
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ async function sendUsageUpdate(
     })
 }
 
-export async function init({ sdk: _sdk }: { sdk: OpencodeClient }) {
+export function init({ sdk: _sdk }: { sdk: OpencodeClient }) {
   return {
     create: (connection: AgentSideConnection, fullConfig: ACPConfig) => {
       return new Agent(connection, fullConfig)
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ export class Agent implements ACPAgent {
   private sessionManager: ACPSessionManager
   private eventAbort = new AbortController()
   private eventStarted = false
-  private bashSnapshots = new Map<string, string>()
+  private shellSnapshots = new Map<string, string>()
   private toolStarts = new Set<string>()
   private permissionQueues = new Map<string, Promise<void>>()
   private permissionOptions: PermissionOption[] = [
@@ -283,16 +284,16 @@ export class Agent implements ACPAgent {
 
           switch (part.state.status) {
             case "pending":
-              this.bashSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
+              this.shellSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
               return
 
             case "running":
-              const output = this.bashOutput(part)
+              const output = this.shellOutput(part)
               const content: ToolCallContent[] = []
               if (output) {
                 const hash = Hash.fast(output)
-                if (part.tool === "bash") {
-                  if (this.bashSnapshots.get(part.callID) === hash) {
+                if (part.tool === ShellID.ToolID) {
+                  if (this.shellSnapshots.get(part.callID) === hash) {
                     await this.connection
                       .sessionUpdate({
                         sessionId,
@@ -311,7 +312,7 @@ export class Agent implements ACPAgent {
                       })
                     return
                   }
-                  this.bashSnapshots.set(part.callID, hash)
+                  this.shellSnapshots.set(part.callID, hash)
                 }
                 content.push({
                   type: "content",
@@ -342,7 +343,7 @@ export class Agent implements ACPAgent {
 
             case "completed": {
               this.toolStarts.delete(part.callID)
-              this.bashSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
+              this.shellSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
               const kind = toToolKind(part.tool)
               const content: ToolCallContent[] = [
                 {
@@ -423,7 +424,7 @@ export class Agent implements ACPAgent {
             }
             case "error":
               this.toolStarts.delete(part.callID)
-              this.bashSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
+              this.shellSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
               await this.connection
                 .sessionUpdate({
                   sessionId,
@@ -837,10 +838,10 @@ export class Agent implements ACPAgent {
         await this.toolStart(sessionId, part)
         switch (part.state.status) {
           case "pending":
-            this.bashSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
+            this.shellSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
             break
           case "running":
-            const output = this.bashOutput(part)
+            const output = this.shellOutput(part)
             const runningContent: ToolCallContent[] = []
             if (output) {
               runningContent.push({
@@ -871,7 +872,7 @@ export class Agent implements ACPAgent {
             break
           case "completed":
             this.toolStarts.delete(part.callID)
-            this.bashSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
+            this.shellSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
             const kind = toToolKind(part.tool)
             const content: ToolCallContent[] = [
               {
@@ -951,7 +952,7 @@ export class Agent implements ACPAgent {
             break
           case "error":
             this.toolStarts.delete(part.callID)
-            this.bashSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
+            this.shellSnapshots.delete(part.callID)
             await this.connection
               .sessionUpdate({
                 sessionId,
@@ -1105,8 +1106,8 @@ export class Agent implements ACPAgent {
     }
   }
 
-  private bashOutput(part: ToolPart) {
-    if (part.tool !== "bash") return
+  private shellOutput(part: ToolPart) {
+    if (part.tool !== ShellID.ToolID) return
     if (!("metadata" in part.state) || !part.state.metadata || typeof part.state.metadata !== "object") return
     const output = part.state.metadata["output"]
     if (typeof output !== "string") return
@@ -1549,9 +1550,11 @@ export class Agent implements ACPAgent {
 
 function toToolKind(toolName: string): ToolKind {
   const tool = toolName.toLocaleLowerCase()
+
   switch (tool) {
-    case "bash":
+    case ShellID.ToolID:
       return "execute"
+
     case "webfetch":
       return "fetch"
 
@@ -1576,6 +1579,7 @@ function toToolKind(toolName: string): ToolKind {
 
 function toLocations(toolName: string, input: Record<string, any>): { path: string }[] {
   const tool = toolName.toLocaleLowerCase()
+
   switch (tool) {
     case "read":
     case "edit":
@@ -1584,7 +1588,7 @@ function toLocations(toolName: string, input: Record<string, any>): { path: stri
     case "glob":
     case "grep":
       return input["path"] ? [{ path: input["path"] }] : []
-    case "bash":
+    case ShellID.ToolID:
       return []
     default:
       return []

packages/opencode/src/bus/bus-event.ts

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ export function payloads() {
     .map(([type, def]) => {
       return z
         .object({
+          id: z.string(),
           type: z.literal(type),
           properties: zodObject(def.properties),
         })
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ export function effectPayloads() {
     .entries()
     .map(([type, def]) =>
       Schema.Struct({
+        id: Schema.String,
         type: Schema.Literal(type),
         properties: def.properties,
       }).annotate({ identifier: `Event.${type}` }),

packages/opencode/src/bus/global.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { EventEmitter } from "events"
+import { Identifier } from "@/id/id"
 
 export type GlobalEvent = {
   directory?: string
@@ -7,6 +8,15 @@ export type GlobalEvent = {
   payload: any
 }
 
-export const GlobalBus = new EventEmitter<{
+class GlobalBusEmitter extends EventEmitter<{
   event: [GlobalEvent]
-}>()
+}> {
+  override emit(eventName: "event", event: GlobalEvent): boolean {
+    if (event.payload && typeof event.payload === "object" && !("id" in event.payload)) {
+      event.payload.id = event.payload.syncEvent?.id ?? Identifier.create("evt", "ascending")
+    }
+    return super.emit(eventName, event)
+  }
+}
+
+export const GlobalBus = new GlobalBusEmitter()

packages/opencode/src/bus/index.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { BusEvent } from "./bus-event"
 import { GlobalBus } from "./global"
 import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
 import { makeRuntime } from "@/effect/run-service"
+import { Identifier } from "@/id/id"
 
 const log = Log.create({ service: "bus" })
 
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ export const InstanceDisposed = BusEvent.define(
 )
 
 type Payload<D extends BusEvent.Definition = BusEvent.Definition> = {
+  id: string
   type: D["type"]
   properties: BusProperties<D>
 }
@@ -28,7 +30,11 @@ type State = {
 }
 
 export interface Interface {
-  readonly publish: <D extends BusEvent.Definition>(def: D, properties: BusProperties<D>) => Effect.Effect<void>
+  readonly publish: <D extends BusEvent.Definition>(
+    def: D,
+    properties: BusProperties<D>,
+    options?: { id?: string },
+  ) => Effect.Effect<void>
   readonly subscribe: <D extends BusEvent.Definition>(def: D) => Stream.Stream<Payload<D>>
   readonly subscribeAll: () => Stream.Stream<Payload>
   readonly subscribeCallback: <D extends BusEvent.Definition>(
@@ -53,6 +59,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
             // Publish InstanceDisposed before shutting down so subscribers see it
             yield* PubSub.publish(wildcard, {
               type: InstanceDisposed.type,
+              id: createID(),
               properties: { directory: ctx.directory },
             })
             yield* PubSub.shutdown(wildcard)
@@ -77,10 +84,10 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
       })
     }
 
-    function publish<D extends BusEvent.Definition>(def: D, properties: BusProperties<D>) {
+    function publish<D extends BusEvent.Definition>(def: D, properties: BusProperties<D>, options?: { id?: string }) {
       return Effect.gen(function* () {
         const s = yield* InstanceState.get(state)
-        const payload: Payload = { type: def.type, properties }
+        const payload: Payload = { id: options?.id ?? createID(), type: def.type, properties }
         log.info("publishing", { type: def.type })
 
         const ps = s.typed.get(def.type)
@@ -173,8 +180,16 @@ const { runPromise, runSync } = makeRuntime(Service, layer)
 
 // runSync is safe here because the subscribe chain (InstanceState.get, PubSub.subscribe,
 // Scope.make, Effect.forkScoped) is entirely synchronous. If any step becomes async, this will throw.
-export async function publish<D extends BusEvent.Definition>(def: D, properties: BusProperties<D>) {
-  return runPromise((svc) => svc.publish(def, properties))
+export function createID() {
+  return Identifier.create("evt", "ascending")
+}
+
+export async function publish<D extends BusEvent.Definition>(
+  def: D,
+  properties: BusProperties<D>,
+  options?: { id?: string },
+) {
+  return runPromise((svc) => svc.publish(def, properties, options))
 }
 
 export function subscribe<D extends BusEvent.Definition>(def: D, callback: (event: Payload<D>) => unknown) {

packages/opencode/src/cli/bootstrap.ts

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 import { Instance } from "../project/instance"
-import { InstanceStore } from "../project/instance-store"
+import { InstanceRuntime } from "../project/instance-runtime"
+import { WithInstance } from "../project/with-instance"
 
 export async function bootstrap<T>(directory: string, cb: () => Promise<T>) {
-  return Instance.provide({
+  return WithInstance.provide({
     directory,
     fn: async () => {
       try {
         const result = await cb()
         return result
       } finally {
-        await InstanceStore.disposeInstance(Instance.current)
+        await InstanceRuntime.disposeInstance(Instance.current)
       }
     },
   })

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/account.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { Duration, Effect, Match, Option } from "effect"
 import { UI } from "../ui"
 import { Account } from "@/account/account"
 import { AccountID, OrgID, PollExpired, type PollResult, type AccountError } from "@/account/schema"
-import { AppRuntime } from "@/effect/app-runtime"
+import { effectCmd } from "../effect-cmd"
 import * as Prompt from "../effect/prompt"
 import open from "open"
 
@@ -172,60 +172,65 @@ const openEffect = Effect.fn("open")(function* () {
   yield* Prompt.outro("Opened " + url)
 })
 
-export const LoginCommand = cmd({
+export const LoginCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "login <url>",
   describe: false,
+  instance: false,
   builder: (yargs) =>
     yargs.positional("url", {
       describe: "server URL",
       type: "string",
       demandOption: true,
     }),
-  async handler(args) {
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.account.login")(function* (args) {
     UI.empty()
-    await AppRuntime.runPromise(loginEffect(args.url))
-  },
+    yield* Effect.orDie(loginEffect(args.url))
+  }),
 })
 
-export const LogoutCommand = cmd({
+export const LogoutCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "logout [email]",
   describe: false,
+  instance: false,
   builder: (yargs) =>
     yargs.positional("email", {
       describe: "account email to log out from",
       type: "string",
     }),
-  async handler(args) {
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.account.logout")(function* (args) {
     UI.empty()
-    await AppRuntime.runPromise(logoutEffect(args.email))
-  },
+    yield* Effect.orDie(logoutEffect(args.email))
+  }),
 })
 
-export const SwitchCommand = cmd({
+export const SwitchCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "switch",
   describe: false,
-  async handler() {
+  instance: false,
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.account.switch")(function* () {
     UI.empty()
-    await AppRuntime.runPromise(switchEffect())
-  },
+    yield* Effect.orDie(switchEffect())
+  }),
 })
 
-export const OrgsCommand = cmd({
+export const OrgsCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "orgs",
   describe: false,
-  async handler() {
+  instance: false,
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.account.orgs")(function* () {
     UI.empty()
-    await AppRuntime.runPromise(orgsEffect())
-  },
+    yield* Effect.orDie(orgsEffect())
+  }),
 })
 
-export const OpenCommand = cmd({
+export const OpenCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "open",
   describe: false,
-  async handler() {
+  instance: false,
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.account.open")(function* () {
     UI.empty()
-    await AppRuntime.runPromise(openEffect())
-  },
+    yield* Effect.orDie(openEffect())
+  }),
 })
 
 export const ConsoleCommand = cmd({

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/acp.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import * as Log from "@opencode-ai/core/util/log"
-import { bootstrap } from "../bootstrap"
-import { cmd } from "./cmd"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { effectCmd } from "../effect-cmd"
 import { AgentSideConnection, ndJsonStream } from "@agentclientprotocol/sdk"
 import { ACP } from "@/acp/agent"
 import { Server } from "@/server/server"
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import { withNetworkOptions, resolveNetworkOptions } from "../network"
 
 const log = Log.create({ service: "acp-command" })
 
-export const AcpCommand = cmd({
+export const AcpCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "acp",
   describe: "start ACP (Agent Client Protocol) server",
   builder: (yargs) => {
@@ -19,52 +19,53 @@ export const AcpCommand = cmd({
       default: process.cwd(),
     })
   },
-  handler: async (args) => {
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.acp")(function* (args) {
     process.env.OPENCODE_CLIENT = "acp"
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-      const opts = await resolveNetworkOptions(args)
-      const server = await Server.listen(opts)
+    const opts = yield* Effect.promise(() => resolveNetworkOptions(args))
+    const server = yield* Effect.promise(() => Server.listen(opts))
 
-      const sdk = createOpencodeClient({
-        baseUrl: `http://${server.hostname}:${server.port}`,
-      })
-
-      const input = new WritableStream<Uint8Array>({
-        write(chunk) {
-          return new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
-            process.stdout.write(chunk, (err) => {
-              if (err) {
-                reject(err)
-              } else {
-                resolve()
-              }
-            })
-          })
-        },
-      })
-      const output = new ReadableStream<Uint8Array>({
-        start(controller) {
-          process.stdin.on("data", (chunk: Buffer) => {
-            controller.enqueue(new Uint8Array(chunk))
-          })
-          process.stdin.on("end", () => controller.close())
-          process.stdin.on("error", (err) => controller.error(err))
-        },
-      })
-
-      const stream = ndJsonStream(input, output)
-      const agent = await ACP.init({ sdk })
-
-      new AgentSideConnection((conn) => {
-        return agent.create(conn, { sdk })
-      }, stream)
-
-      log.info("setup connection")
-      process.stdin.resume()
-      await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-        process.stdin.on("end", resolve)
-        process.stdin.on("error", reject)
-      })
+    const sdk = createOpencodeClient({
+      baseUrl: `http://${server.hostname}:${server.port}`,
     })
-  },
+
+    const input = new WritableStream<Uint8Array>({
+      write(chunk) {
+        return new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
+          process.stdout.write(chunk, (err) => {
+            if (err) {
+              reject(err)
+            } else {
+              resolve()
+            }
+          })
+        })
+      },
+    })
+    const output = new ReadableStream<Uint8Array>({
+      start(controller) {
+        process.stdin.on("data", (chunk: Buffer) => {
+          controller.enqueue(new Uint8Array(chunk))
+        })
+        process.stdin.on("end", () => controller.close())
+        process.stdin.on("error", (err) => controller.error(err))
+      },
+    })
+
+    const stream = ndJsonStream(input, output)
+    const agent = ACP.init({ sdk })
+
+    new AgentSideConnection((conn) => {
+      return agent.create(conn, { sdk })
+    }, stream)
+
+    log.info("setup connection")
+    process.stdin.resume()
+    yield* Effect.promise(
+      () =>
+        new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
+          process.stdin.on("end", () => resolve())
+          process.stdin.on("error", reject)
+        }),
+    )
+  }),
 })

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/agent.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import { cmd } from "./cmd"
 import * as prompts from "@clack/prompts"
-import { AppRuntime } from "@/effect/app-runtime"
 import { UI } from "../ui"
 import { Global } from "@opencode-ai/core/global"
 import { Agent } from "../../agent/agent"
@@ -9,9 +8,11 @@ import path from "path"
 import fs from "fs/promises"
 import { Filesystem } from "@/util/filesystem"
 import matter from "gray-matter"
-import { Instance } from "../../project/instance"
+import { InstanceRef } from "@/effect/instance-ref"
 import { EOL } from "os"
 import type { Argv } from "yargs"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { effectCmd } from "../effect-cmd"
 
 type AgentMode = "all" | "primary" | "subagent"
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ const AVAILABLE_PERMISSIONS = [
   "skill",
 ]
 
-const AgentCreateCommand = cmd({
+const AgentCreateCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "create",
   describe: "create a new agent",
   builder: (yargs: Argv) =>
@@ -60,200 +61,191 @@ const AgentCreateCommand = cmd({
         alias: ["m"],
         describe: "model to use in the format of provider/model",
       }),
-  async handler(args) {
-    await Instance.provide({
-      directory: process.cwd(),
-      async fn() {
-        const cliPath = args.path
-        const cliDescription = args.description
-        const cliMode = args.mode as AgentMode | undefined
-        const perms = args.permissions
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.agent.create")(function* (args) {
+    const maybeCtx = yield* InstanceRef
+    if (!maybeCtx) return yield* Effect.die("InstanceRef not provided")
+    const ctx = maybeCtx
+    const agentSvc = yield* Agent.Service
+    yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+      const cliPath = args.path
+      const cliDescription = args.description
+      const cliMode = args.mode as AgentMode | undefined
+      const perms = args.permissions
 
-        const isFullyNonInteractive = cliPath && cliDescription && cliMode && perms !== undefined
+      const isFullyNonInteractive = cliPath && cliDescription && cliMode && perms !== undefined
 
-        if (!isFullyNonInteractive) {
-          UI.empty()
-          prompts.intro("Create agent")
-        }
+      if (!isFullyNonInteractive) {
+        UI.empty()
+        prompts.intro("Create agent")
+      }
 
-        const project = Instance.project
+      const project = ctx.project
 
-        // Determine scope/path
-        let targetPath: string
-        if (cliPath) {
-          targetPath = path.join(cliPath, "agent")
-        } else {
-          let scope: "global" | "project" = "global"
-          if (project.vcs === "git") {
-            const scopeResult = await prompts.select({
-              message: "Location",
-              options: [
-                {
-                  label: "Current project",
-                  value: "project" as const,
-                  hint: Instance.worktree,
-                },
-                {
-                  label: "Global",
-                  value: "global" as const,
-                  hint: Global.Path.config,
-                },
-              ],
-            })
-            if (prompts.isCancel(scopeResult)) throw new UI.CancelledError()
-            scope = scopeResult
-          }
-          targetPath = path.join(
-            scope === "global" ? Global.Path.config : path.join(Instance.worktree, ".opencode"),
-            "agent",
-          )
-        }
-
-        // Get description
-        let description: string
-        if (cliDescription) {
-          description = cliDescription
-        } else {
-          const query = await prompts.text({
-            message: "Description",
-            placeholder: "What should this agent do?",
-            validate: (x) => (x && x.length > 0 ? undefined : "Required"),
-          })
-          if (prompts.isCancel(query)) throw new UI.CancelledError()
-          description = query
-        }
-
-        // Generate agent
-        const spinner = prompts.spinner()
-        spinner.start("Generating agent configuration...")
-        const model = args.model ? Provider.parseModel(args.model) : undefined
-        const generated = await AppRuntime.runPromise(
-          Agent.Service.use((svc) => svc.generate({ description, model })),
-        ).catch((error) => {
-          spinner.stop(`LLM failed to generate agent: ${error.message}`, 1)
-          if (isFullyNonInteractive) process.exit(1)
-          throw new UI.CancelledError()
-        })
-        spinner.stop(`Agent ${generated.identifier} generated`)
-
-        // Select permissions to allow
-        let selected: string[]
-        if (perms !== undefined) {
-          selected = perms ? perms.split(",").map((t) => t.trim()) : AVAILABLE_PERMISSIONS
-        } else {
-          const result = await prompts.multiselect({
-            message: "Select permissions to allow (Space to toggle)",
-            options: AVAILABLE_PERMISSIONS.map((permission) => ({
-              label: permission,
-              value: permission,
-            })),
-            initialValues: AVAILABLE_PERMISSIONS,
-          })
-          if (prompts.isCancel(result)) throw new UI.CancelledError()
-          selected = result
-        }
-
-        // Get mode
-        let mode: AgentMode
-        if (cliMode) {
-          mode = cliMode
-        } else {
-          const modeResult = await prompts.select({
-            message: "Agent mode",
+      // Determine scope/path
+      let targetPath: string
+      if (cliPath) {
+        targetPath = path.join(cliPath, "agent")
+      } else {
+        let scope: "global" | "project" = "global"
+        if (project.vcs === "git") {
+          const scopeResult = await prompts.select({
+            message: "Location",
             options: [
               {
-                label: "All",
-                value: "all" as const,
-                hint: "Can function in both primary and subagent roles",
+                label: "Current project",
+                value: "project" as const,
+                hint: ctx.worktree,
               },
               {
-                label: "Primary",
-                value: "primary" as const,
-                hint: "Acts as a primary/main agent",
-              },
-              {
-                label: "Subagent",
-                value: "subagent" as const,
-                hint: "Can be used as a subagent by other agents",
+                label: "Global",
+                value: "global" as const,
+                hint: Global.Path.config,
               },
             ],
-            initialValue: "all" as const,
           })
-          if (prompts.isCancel(modeResult)) throw new UI.CancelledError()
-          mode = modeResult
+          if (prompts.isCancel(scopeResult)) throw new UI.CancelledError()
+          scope = scopeResult
         }
+        targetPath = path.join(scope === "global" ? Global.Path.config : path.join(ctx.worktree, ".opencode"), "agent")
+      }
 
-        // Build permissions config — deny anything not explicitly selected.
-        const permissions: Record<string, "deny"> = {}
-        for (const permission of AVAILABLE_PERMISSIONS) {
-          if (!selected.includes(permission)) {
-            permissions[permission] = "deny"
-          }
+      // Get description
+      let description: string
+      if (cliDescription) {
+        description = cliDescription
+      } else {
+        const query = await prompts.text({
+          message: "Description",
+          placeholder: "What should this agent do?",
+          validate: (x) => (x && x.length > 0 ? undefined : "Required"),
+        })
+        if (prompts.isCancel(query)) throw new UI.CancelledError()
+        description = query
+      }
+
+      // Generate agent
+      const spinner = prompts.spinner()
+      spinner.start("Generating agent configuration...")
+      const model = args.model ? Provider.parseModel(args.model) : undefined
+      const generated = await Effect.runPromise(agentSvc.generate({ description, model })).catch((error) => {
+        spinner.stop(`LLM failed to generate agent: ${error.message}`, 1)
+        if (isFullyNonInteractive) process.exit(1)
+        throw new UI.CancelledError()
+      })
+      spinner.stop(`Agent ${generated.identifier} generated`)
+
+      // Select permissions to allow
+      let selected: string[]
+      if (perms !== undefined) {
+        selected = perms ? perms.split(",").map((t) => t.trim()) : AVAILABLE_PERMISSIONS
+      } else {
+        const result = await prompts.multiselect({
+          message: "Select permissions to allow (Space to toggle)",
+          options: AVAILABLE_PERMISSIONS.map((permission) => ({
+            label: permission,
+            value: permission,
+          })),
+          initialValues: AVAILABLE_PERMISSIONS,
+        })
+        if (prompts.isCancel(result)) throw new UI.CancelledError()
+        selected = result
+      }
+
+      // Get mode
+      let mode: AgentMode
+      if (cliMode) {
+        mode = cliMode
+      } else {
+        const modeResult = await prompts.select({
+          message: "Agent mode",
+          options: [
+            {
+              label: "All",
+              value: "all" as const,
+              hint: "Can function in both primary and subagent roles",
+            },
+            {
+              label: "Primary",
+              value: "primary" as const,
+              hint: "Acts as a primary/main agent",
+            },
+            {
+              label: "Subagent",
+              value: "subagent" as const,
+              hint: "Can be used as a subagent by other agents",
+            },
+          ],
+          initialValue: "all" as const,
+        })
+        if (prompts.isCancel(modeResult)) throw new UI.CancelledError()
+        mode = modeResult
+      }
+
+      // Build permissions config — deny anything not explicitly selected.
+      const permissions: Record<string, "deny"> = {}
+      for (const permission of AVAILABLE_PERMISSIONS) {
+        if (!selected.includes(permission)) {
+          permissions[permission] = "deny"
         }
+      }
 
-        // Build frontmatter
-        const frontmatter: {
-          description: string
-          mode: AgentMode
-          permission?: Record<string, "deny">
-        } = {
-          description: generated.whenToUse,
-          mode,
-        }
-        if (Object.keys(permissions).length > 0) {
-          frontmatter.permission = permissions
-        }
+      // Build frontmatter
+      const frontmatter: {
+        description: string
+        mode: AgentMode
+        permission?: Record<string, "deny">
+      } = {
+        description: generated.whenToUse,
+        mode,
+      }
+      if (Object.keys(permissions).length > 0) {
+        frontmatter.permission = permissions
+      }
 
-        // Write file
-        const content = matter.stringify(generated.systemPrompt, frontmatter)
-        const filePath = path.join(targetPath, `${generated.identifier}.md`)
+      // Write file
+      const content = matter.stringify(generated.systemPrompt, frontmatter)
+      const filePath = path.join(targetPath, `${generated.identifier}.md`)
 
-        await fs.mkdir(targetPath, { recursive: true })
-
-        if (await Filesystem.exists(filePath)) {
-          if (isFullyNonInteractive) {
-            console.error(`Error: Agent file already exists: ${filePath}`)
-            process.exit(1)
-          }
-          prompts.log.error(`Agent file already exists: ${filePath}`)
-          throw new UI.CancelledError()
-        }
-
-        await Filesystem.write(filePath, content)
+      await fs.mkdir(targetPath, { recursive: true })
 
+      if (await Filesystem.exists(filePath)) {
         if (isFullyNonInteractive) {
-          console.log(filePath)
-        } else {
-          prompts.log.success(`Agent created: ${filePath}`)
-          prompts.outro("Done")
+          console.error(`Error: Agent file already exists: ${filePath}`)
+          process.exit(1)
         }
-      },
+        prompts.log.error(`Agent file already exists: ${filePath}`)
+        throw new UI.CancelledError()
+      }
+
+      await Filesystem.write(filePath, content)
+
+      if (isFullyNonInteractive) {
+        console.log(filePath)
+      } else {
+        prompts.log.success(`Agent created: ${filePath}`)
+        prompts.outro("Done")
+      }
     })
-  },
+  }),
 })
 
-const AgentListCommand = cmd({
+const AgentListCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "list",
   describe: "list all available agents",
-  async handler() {
-    await Instance.provide({
-      directory: process.cwd(),
-      async fn() {
-        const agents = await AppRuntime.runPromise(Agent.Service.use((svc) => svc.list()))
-        const sortedAgents = agents.sort((a, b) => {
-          if (a.native !== b.native) {
-            return a.native ? -1 : 1
-          }
-          return a.name.localeCompare(b.name)
-        })
-
-        for (const agent of sortedAgents) {
-          process.stdout.write(`${agent.name} (${agent.mode})` + EOL)
-          process.stdout.write(`  ${JSON.stringify(agent.permission, null, 2)}` + EOL)
-        }
-      },
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.agent.list")(function* () {
+    const agents = yield* Agent.Service.use((svc) => svc.list())
+    const sortedAgents = agents.sort((a, b) => {
+      if (a.native !== b.native) {
+        return a.native ? -1 : 1
+      }
+      return a.name.localeCompare(b.name)
     })
-  },
+
+    for (const agent of sortedAgents) {
+      process.stdout.write(`${agent.name} (${agent.mode})` + EOL)
+      process.stdout.write(`  ${JSON.stringify(agent.permission, null, 2)}` + EOL)
+    }
+  }),
 })
 
 export const AgentCommand = cmd({

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/cmd.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { CommandModule } from "yargs"
 
-type WithDoubleDash<T> = T & { "--"?: string[] }
+export type WithDoubleDash<T> = T & { "--"?: string[] }
 
 export function cmd<T, U>(input: CommandModule<T, WithDoubleDash<U>>) {
   return input

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/debug/agent.ts

@@ -7,14 +7,13 @@ import { Session } from "@/session/session"
 import type { MessageV2 } from "../../../session/message-v2"
 import { MessageID, PartID } from "../../../session/schema"
 import { ToolRegistry } from "@/tool/registry"
-import { Instance } from "../../../project/instance"
 import { Permission } from "../../../permission"
 import { iife } from "../../../util/iife"
-import { bootstrap } from "../../bootstrap"
-import { cmd } from "../cmd"
-import { AppRuntime } from "@/effect/app-runtime"
+import { effectCmd, fail } from "../../effect-cmd"
+import { InstanceRef } from "@/effect/instance-ref"
+import type { InstanceContext } from "@/project/instance"
 
-export const AgentCommand = cmd({
+export const AgentCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "agent <name>",
   describe: "show agent configuration details",
   builder: (yargs) =>
@@ -32,60 +31,60 @@ export const AgentCommand = cmd({
         type: "string",
         description: "Tool params as JSON or a JS object literal",
       }),
-  async handler(args) {
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-      const agentName = args.name as string
-      const agent = await AppRuntime.runPromise(Agent.Service.use((svc) => svc.get(agentName)))
-      if (!agent) {
-        process.stderr.write(
-          `Agent ${agentName} not found, run '${basename(process.execPath)} agent list' to get an agent list` + EOL,
-        )
-        process.exit(1)
-      }
-      const availableTools = await getAvailableTools(agent)
-      const resolvedTools = await resolveTools(agent, availableTools)
-      const toolID = args.tool as string | undefined
-      if (toolID) {
-        const tool = availableTools.find((item) => item.id === toolID)
-        if (!tool) {
-          process.stderr.write(`Tool ${toolID} not found for agent ${agentName}` + EOL)
-          process.exit(1)
-        }
-        if (resolvedTools[toolID] === false) {
-          process.stderr.write(`Tool ${toolID} is disabled for agent ${agentName}` + EOL)
-          process.exit(1)
-        }
-        const params = parseToolParams(args.params as string | undefined)
-        const ctx = await createToolContext(agent)
-        const result = await tool.execute(params, ctx)
-        process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify({ tool: toolID, input: params, result }, null, 2) + EOL)
-        return
-      }
-
-      const output = {
-        ...agent,
-        tools: resolvedTools,
-      }
-      process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(output, null, 2) + EOL)
-    })
-  },
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.debug.agent")(function* (args) {
+    const ctx = yield* InstanceRef
+    if (!ctx) return
+    return yield* run(args, ctx)
+  }),
 })
 
-async function getAvailableTools(agent: Agent.Info) {
-  return AppRuntime.runPromise(
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const provider = yield* Provider.Service
-      const registry = yield* ToolRegistry.Service
-      const model = agent.model ?? (yield* provider.defaultModel())
-      return yield* registry.tools({
-        ...model,
-        agent,
-      })
-    }),
-  )
-}
+const run = Effect.fn("Cli.debug.agent.body")(function* (
+  args: { name: string; tool?: string; params?: string },
+  ctx: InstanceContext,
+) {
+  const agentName = args.name
+  const agent = yield* Agent.Service.use((svc) => svc.get(agentName))
+  if (!agent) {
+    process.stderr.write(
+      `Agent ${agentName} not found, run '${basename(process.execPath)} agent list' to get an agent list` + EOL,
+    )
+    return yield* fail("", 1)
+  }
+  const availableTools = yield* getAvailableTools(agent)
+  const resolvedTools = resolveTools(agent, availableTools)
+  const toolID = args.tool
+  if (toolID) {
+    const tool = availableTools.find((item) => item.id === toolID)
+    if (!tool) {
+      process.stderr.write(`Tool ${toolID} not found for agent ${agentName}` + EOL)
+      return yield* fail("", 1)
+    }
+    if (resolvedTools[toolID] === false) {
+      process.stderr.write(`Tool ${toolID} is disabled for agent ${agentName}` + EOL)
+      return yield* fail("", 1)
+    }
+    const params = parseToolParams(args.params)
+    const toolCtx = yield* createToolContext(agent, ctx)
+    const result = yield* tool.execute(params, toolCtx)
+    process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify({ tool: toolID, input: params, result }, null, 2) + EOL)
+    return
+  }
 
-async function resolveTools(agent: Agent.Info, availableTools: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof getAvailableTools>>) {
+  const output = {
+    ...agent,
+    tools: resolvedTools,
+  }
+  process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(output, null, 2) + EOL)
+})
+
+const getAvailableTools = Effect.fn("Cli.debug.agent.getAvailableTools")(function* (agent: Agent.Info) {
+  const provider = yield* Provider.Service
+  const registry = yield* ToolRegistry.Service
+  const model = agent.model ?? (yield* provider.defaultModel())
+  return yield* registry.tools({ ...model, agent })
+})
+
+function resolveTools(agent: Agent.Info, availableTools: { id: string }[]) {
   const disabled = Permission.disabled(
     availableTools.map((tool) => tool.id),
     agent.permission,
@@ -123,50 +122,38 @@ function parseToolParams(input?: string) {
   return parsed as Record<string, unknown>
 }
 
-async function createToolContext(agent: Agent.Info) {
-  const { session, messageID } = await AppRuntime.runPromise(
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const session = yield* Session.Service
-      const result = yield* session.create({ title: `Debug tool run (${agent.name})` })
-      const messageID = MessageID.ascending()
-      const model = agent.model
-        ? agent.model
-        : yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
-            const provider = yield* Provider.Service
-            return yield* provider.defaultModel()
-          })
-      const now = Date.now()
-      const message: MessageV2.Assistant = {
-        id: messageID,
-        sessionID: result.id,
-        role: "assistant",
-        time: {
-          created: now,
-        },
-        parentID: messageID,
-        modelID: model.modelID,
-        providerID: model.providerID,
-        mode: "debug",
-        agent: agent.name,
-        path: {
-          cwd: Instance.directory,
-          root: Instance.worktree,
-        },
-        cost: 0,
-        tokens: {
-          input: 0,
-          output: 0,
-          reasoning: 0,
-          cache: {
-            read: 0,
-            write: 0,
-          },
-        },
-      }
-      yield* session.updateMessage(message)
-      return { session: result, messageID }
-    }),
-  )
+const createToolContext = Effect.fn("Cli.debug.agent.createToolContext")(function* (
+  agent: Agent.Info,
+  ctx: InstanceContext,
+) {
+  const sessionSvc = yield* Session.Service
+  const session = yield* sessionSvc.create({ title: `Debug tool run (${agent.name})` })
+  const messageID = MessageID.ascending()
+  const model = agent.model
+    ? agent.model
+    : yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const provider = yield* Provider.Service
+        return yield* provider.defaultModel()
+      })
+  const now = Date.now()
+  const message: MessageV2.Assistant = {
+    id: messageID,
+    sessionID: session.id,
+    role: "assistant",
+    time: { created: now },
+    parentID: messageID,
+    modelID: model.modelID,
+    providerID: model.providerID,
+    mode: "debug",
+    agent: agent.name,
+    path: {
+      cwd: ctx.directory,
+      root: ctx.worktree,
+    },
+    cost: 0,
+    tokens: { input: 0, output: 0, reasoning: 0, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } },
+  }
+  yield* sessionSvc.updateMessage(message)
 
   const ruleset = Permission.merge(agent.permission, session.permission ?? [])
 
@@ -189,4 +176,4 @@ async function createToolContext(agent: Agent.Info) {
       })
     },
   }
-}
+})

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/debug/config.ts

@@ -1,17 +1,14 @@
 import { EOL } from "os"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Config } from "@/config/config"
-import { AppRuntime } from "@/effect/app-runtime"
-import { bootstrap } from "../../bootstrap"
-import { cmd } from "../cmd"
+import { effectCmd } from "../../effect-cmd"
 
-export const ConfigCommand = cmd({
+export const ConfigCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "config",
   describe: "show resolved configuration",
   builder: (yargs) => yargs,
-  async handler() {
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-      const config = await AppRuntime.runPromise(Config.Service.use((cfg) => cfg.get()))
-      process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(config, null, 2) + EOL)
-    })
-  },
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.debug.config")(function* () {
+    const config = yield* Config.Service.use((cfg) => cfg.get())
+    process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(config, null, 2) + EOL)
+  }),
 })

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/debug/file.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import { EOL } from "os"
-import { AppRuntime } from "@/effect/app-runtime"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { File } from "../../../file"
 import { Ripgrep } from "@/file/ripgrep"
-import { bootstrap } from "../../bootstrap"
+import { effectCmd } from "../../effect-cmd"
 import { cmd } from "../cmd"
 
-const FileSearchCommand = cmd({
+const FileSearchCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "search <query>",
   describe: "search files by query",
   builder: (yargs) =>
@@ -14,15 +14,13 @@ const FileSearchCommand = cmd({
       demandOption: true,
       description: "Search query",
     }),
-  async handler(args) {
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-      const results = await AppRuntime.runPromise(File.Service.use((svc) => svc.search({ query: args.query })))
-      process.stdout.write(results.join(EOL) + EOL)
-    })
-  },
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.debug.file.search")(function* (args) {
+    const results = yield* File.Service.use((svc) => svc.search({ query: args.query }))
+    process.stdout.write(results.join(EOL) + EOL)
+  }),
 })
 
-const FileReadCommand = cmd({
+const FileReadCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "read <path>",
   describe: "read file contents as JSON",
   builder: (yargs) =>
@@ -31,27 +29,23 @@ const FileReadCommand = cmd({
       demandOption: true,
       description: "File path to read",
     }),
-  async handler(args) {
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-      const content = await AppRuntime.runPromise(File.Service.use((svc) => svc.read(args.path)))
-      process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(content, null, 2) + EOL)
-    })
-  },
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.debug.file.read")(function* (args) {
+    const content = yield* File.Service.use((svc) => svc.read(args.path))
+    process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(content, null, 2) + EOL)
+  }),
 })
 
-const FileStatusCommand = cmd({
+const FileStatusCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "status",
   describe: "show file status information",
   builder: (yargs) => yargs,
-  async handler() {
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-      const status = await AppRuntime.runPromise(File.Service.use((svc) => svc.status()))
-      process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(status, null, 2) + EOL)
-    })
-  },
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.debug.file.status")(function* () {
+    const status = yield* File.Service.use((svc) => svc.status())
+    process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(status, null, 2) + EOL)
+  }),
 })
 
-const FileListCommand = cmd({
+const FileListCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "list <path>",
   describe: "list files in a directory",
   builder: (yargs) =>
@@ -60,15 +54,13 @@ const FileListCommand = cmd({
       demandOption: true,
       description: "File path to list",
     }),
-  async handler(args) {
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-      const files = await AppRuntime.runPromise(File.Service.use((svc) => svc.list(args.path)))
-      process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(files, null, 2) + EOL)
-    })
-  },
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.debug.file.list")(function* (args) {
+    const files = yield* File.Service.use((svc) => svc.list(args.path))
+    process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(files, null, 2) + EOL)
+  }),
 })
 
-const FileTreeCommand = cmd({
+const FileTreeCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "tree [dir]",
   describe: "show directory tree",
   builder: (yargs) =>
@@ -77,12 +69,10 @@ const FileTreeCommand = cmd({
       description: "Directory to tree",
       default: process.cwd(),
     }),
-  async handler(args) {
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-      const tree = await AppRuntime.runPromise(Ripgrep.Service.use((svc) => svc.tree({ cwd: args.dir, limit: 200 })))
-      console.log(JSON.stringify(tree, null, 2))
-    })
-  },
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.debug.file.tree")(function* (args) {
+    const tree = yield* Effect.orDie(Ripgrep.Service.use((svc) => svc.tree({ cwd: args.dir, limit: 200 })))
+    console.log(JSON.stringify(tree, null, 2))
+  }),
 })
 
 export const FileCommand = cmd({

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/debug/index.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { Global } from "@opencode-ai/core/global"
-import { bootstrap } from "../../bootstrap"
+import { Duration, Effect } from "effect"
+import { effectCmd } from "../../effect-cmd"
 import { cmd } from "../cmd"
 import { ConfigCommand } from "./config"
 import { FileCommand } from "./file"
@@ -26,19 +27,19 @@ export const DebugCommand = cmd({
       .command(StartupCommand)
       .command(AgentCommand)
       .command(PathsCommand)
-      .command({
-        command: "wait",
-        describe: "wait indefinitely (for debugging)",
-        async handler() {
-          await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-            await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 1_000 * 60 * 60 * 24))
-          })
-        },
-      })
+      .command(WaitCommand)
       .demandCommand(),
   async handler() {},
 })
 
+const WaitCommand = effectCmd({
+  command: "wait",
+  describe: "wait indefinitely (for debugging)",
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.debug.wait")(function* () {
+    yield* Effect.sleep(Duration.days(1))
+  }),
+})
+
 const PathsCommand = cmd({
   command: "paths",
   describe: "show global paths (data, config, cache, state)",

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/debug/lsp.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { LSP } from "@/lsp/lsp"
-import { AppRuntime } from "../../../effect/app-runtime"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { bootstrap } from "../../bootstrap"
+import { effectCmd } from "../../effect-cmd"
 import { cmd } from "../cmd"
 import * as Log from "@opencode-ai/core/util/log"
 import { EOL } from "os"
@@ -14,47 +13,39 @@ export const LSPCommand = cmd({
   async handler() {},
 })
 
-const DiagnosticsCommand = cmd({
+const DiagnosticsCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "diagnostics <file>",
   describe: "get diagnostics for a file",
   builder: (yargs) => yargs.positional("file", { type: "string", demandOption: true }),
-  async handler(args) {
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-      const out = await AppRuntime.runPromise(
-        LSP.Service.use((lsp) =>
-          Effect.gen(function* () {
-            yield* lsp.touchFile(args.file, "full")
-            return yield* lsp.diagnostics()
-          }),
-        ),
-      )
-      process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(out, null, 2) + EOL)
-    })
-  },
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.debug.lsp.diagnostics")(function* (args) {
+    const out = yield* LSP.Service.use((lsp) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        yield* lsp.touchFile(args.file, "full")
+        return yield* lsp.diagnostics()
+      }),
+    )
+    process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(out, null, 2) + EOL)
+  }),
 })
 
-export const SymbolsCommand = cmd({
+export const SymbolsCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "symbols <query>",
   describe: "search workspace symbols",
   builder: (yargs) => yargs.positional("query", { type: "string", demandOption: true }),
-  async handler(args) {
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-      using _ = Log.Default.time("symbols")
-      const results = await AppRuntime.runPromise(LSP.Service.use((lsp) => lsp.workspaceSymbol(args.query)))
-      process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(results, null, 2) + EOL)
-    })
-  },
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.debug.lsp.symbols")(function* (args) {
+    using _ = Log.Default.time("symbols")
+    const results = yield* LSP.Service.use((lsp) => lsp.workspaceSymbol(args.query))
+    process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(results, null, 2) + EOL)
+  }),
 })
 
-export const DocumentSymbolsCommand = cmd({
+export const DocumentSymbolsCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "document-symbols <uri>",
   describe: "get symbols from a document",
   builder: (yargs) => yargs.positional("uri", { type: "string", demandOption: true }),
-  async handler(args) {
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-      using _ = Log.Default.time("document-symbols")
-      const results = await AppRuntime.runPromise(LSP.Service.use((lsp) => lsp.documentSymbol(args.uri)))
-      process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(results, null, 2) + EOL)
-    })
-  },
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.debug.lsp.documentSymbols")(function* (args) {
+    using _ = Log.Default.time("document-symbols")
+    const results = yield* LSP.Service.use((lsp) => lsp.documentSymbol(args.uri))
+    process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(results, null, 2) + EOL)
+  }),
 })

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/debug/ripgrep.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 import { EOL } from "os"
 import { Effect, Stream } from "effect"
-import { AppRuntime } from "../../../effect/app-runtime"
 import { Ripgrep } from "../../../file/ripgrep"
-import { Instance } from "../../../project/instance"
-import { bootstrap } from "../../bootstrap"
+import { effectCmd } from "../../effect-cmd"
 import { cmd } from "../cmd"
+import { InstanceRef } from "@/effect/instance-ref"
 
 export const RipgrepCommand = cmd({
   command: "rg",
@@ -13,24 +12,22 @@ export const RipgrepCommand = cmd({
   async handler() {},
 })
 
-const TreeCommand = cmd({
+const TreeCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "tree",
   describe: "show file tree using ripgrep",
   builder: (yargs) =>
     yargs.option("limit", {
       type: "number",
     }),
-  async handler(args) {
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-      const tree = await AppRuntime.runPromise(
-        Ripgrep.Service.use((svc) => svc.tree({ cwd: Instance.directory, limit: args.limit })),
-      )
-      process.stdout.write(tree + EOL)
-    })
-  },
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.debug.rg.tree")(function* (args) {
+    const ctx = yield* InstanceRef
+    if (!ctx) return
+    const tree = yield* Effect.orDie(Ripgrep.Service.use((svc) => svc.tree({ cwd: ctx.directory, limit: args.limit })))
+    process.stdout.write(tree + EOL)
+  }),
 })
 
-const FilesCommand = cmd({
+const FilesCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "files",
   describe: "list files using ripgrep",
   builder: (yargs) =>
@@ -47,29 +44,26 @@ const FilesCommand = cmd({
         type: "number",
         description: "Limit number of results",
       }),
-  async handler(args) {
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-      const files = await AppRuntime.runPromise(
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const rg = yield* Ripgrep.Service
-          return yield* rg
-            .files({
-              cwd: Instance.directory,
-              glob: args.glob ? [args.glob] : undefined,
-            })
-            .pipe(
-              Stream.take(args.limit ?? Infinity),
-              Stream.runCollect,
-              Effect.map((c) => [...c]),
-            )
-        }),
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.debug.rg.files")(function* (args) {
+    const ctx = yield* InstanceRef
+    if (!ctx) return
+    const rg = yield* Ripgrep.Service
+    const files = yield* rg
+      .files({
+        cwd: ctx.directory,
+        glob: args.glob ? [args.glob] : undefined,
+      })
+      .pipe(
+        Stream.take(args.limit ?? Infinity),
+        Stream.runCollect,
+        Effect.map((c) => [...c]),
+        Effect.orDie,
       )
-      process.stdout.write(files.join(EOL) + EOL)
-    })
-  },
+    process.stdout.write(files.join(EOL) + EOL)
+  }),
 })
 
-const SearchCommand = cmd({
+const SearchCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "search <pattern>",
   describe: "search file contents using ripgrep",
   builder: (yargs) =>
@@ -87,19 +81,19 @@ const SearchCommand = cmd({
         type: "number",
         description: "Limit number of results",
       }),
-  async handler(args) {
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-      const results = await AppRuntime.runPromise(
-        Ripgrep.Service.use((svc) =>
-          svc.search({
-            cwd: Instance.directory,
-            pattern: args.pattern,
-            glob: args.glob as string[] | undefined,
-            limit: args.limit,
-          }),
-        ),
-      )
-      process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(results.items, null, 2) + EOL)
-    })
-  },
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.debug.rg.search")(function* (args) {
+    const ctx = yield* InstanceRef
+    if (!ctx) return
+    const results = yield* Effect.orDie(
+      Ripgrep.Service.use((svc) =>
+        svc.search({
+          cwd: ctx.directory,
+          pattern: args.pattern,
+          glob: args.glob as string[] | undefined,
+          limit: args.limit,
+        }),
+      ),
+    )
+    process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(results.items, null, 2) + EOL)
+  }),
 })

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/debug/skill.ts

@@ -1,23 +1,15 @@
 import { EOL } from "os"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { AppRuntime } from "@/effect/app-runtime"
 import { Skill } from "../../../skill"
-import { bootstrap } from "../../bootstrap"
-import { cmd } from "../cmd"
+import { effectCmd } from "../../effect-cmd"
 
-export const SkillCommand = cmd({
+export const SkillCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "skill",
   describe: "list all available skills",
   builder: (yargs) => yargs,
-  async handler() {
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-      const skills = await AppRuntime.runPromise(
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const skill = yield* Skill.Service
-          return yield* skill.all()
-        }),
-      )
-      process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(skills, null, 2) + EOL)
-    })
-  },
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.debug.skill")(function* () {
+    const skill = yield* Skill.Service
+    const skills = yield* skill.all()
+    process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(skills, null, 2) + EOL)
+  }),
 })

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/debug/snapshot.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-import { AppRuntime } from "@/effect/app-runtime"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Snapshot } from "../../../snapshot"
-import { bootstrap } from "../../bootstrap"
+import { effectCmd } from "../../effect-cmd"
 import { cmd } from "../cmd"
 
 export const SnapshotCommand = cmd({
@@ -10,17 +10,16 @@ export const SnapshotCommand = cmd({
   async handler() {},
 })
 
-const TrackCommand = cmd({
+const TrackCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "track",
   describe: "track current snapshot state",
-  async handler() {
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-      console.log(await AppRuntime.runPromise(Snapshot.Service.use((svc) => svc.track())))
-    })
-  },
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.debug.snapshot.track")(function* () {
+    const out = yield* Snapshot.Service.use((svc) => svc.track())
+    console.log(out)
+  }),
 })
 
-const PatchCommand = cmd({
+const PatchCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "patch <hash>",
   describe: "show patch for a snapshot hash",
   builder: (yargs) =>
@@ -29,14 +28,13 @@ const PatchCommand = cmd({
       description: "hash",
       demandOption: true,
     }),
-  async handler(args) {
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-      console.log(await AppRuntime.runPromise(Snapshot.Service.use((svc) => svc.patch(args.hash))))
-    })
-  },
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.debug.snapshot.patch")(function* (args) {
+    const out = yield* Snapshot.Service.use((svc) => svc.patch(args.hash))
+    console.log(out)
+  }),
 })
 
-const DiffCommand = cmd({
+const DiffCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "diff <hash>",
   describe: "show diff for a snapshot hash",
   builder: (yargs) =>
@@ -45,9 +43,8 @@ const DiffCommand = cmd({
       description: "hash",
       demandOption: true,
     }),
-  async handler(args) {
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-      console.log(await AppRuntime.runPromise(Snapshot.Service.use((svc) => svc.diff(args.hash))))
-    })
-  },
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.debug.snapshot.diff")(function* (args) {
+    const out = yield* Snapshot.Service.use((svc) => svc.diff(args.hash))
+    console.log(out)
+  }),
 })

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/export.ts

@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
-import type { Argv } from "yargs"
 import { Session } from "@/session/session"
 import { MessageV2 } from "../../session/message-v2"
 import { SessionID } from "../../session/schema"
-import { cmd } from "./cmd"
-import { bootstrap } from "../bootstrap"
+import { effectCmd, fail } from "../effect-cmd"
 import { UI } from "../ui"
 import * as prompts from "@clack/prompts"
 import { EOL } from "os"
-import { AppRuntime } from "@/effect/app-runtime"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 
 function redact(kind: string, id: string, value: string) {
   return value.trim() ? `[redacted:${kind}:${id}]` : value
@@ -220,11 +218,11 @@ function sanitize(data: { info: Session.Info; messages: MessageV2.WithParts[] })
   }
 }
 
-export const ExportCommand = cmd({
+export const ExportCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "export [sessionID]",
   describe: "export session data as JSON",
-  builder: (yargs: Argv) => {
-    return yargs
+  builder: (yargs) =>
+    yargs
       .positional("sessionID", {
         describe: "session id to export",
         type: "string",
@@ -232,72 +230,62 @@ export const ExportCommand = cmd({
       .option("sanitize", {
         describe: "redact sensitive transcript and file data",
         type: "boolean",
-      })
-  },
-  handler: async (args) => {
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-      let sessionID = args.sessionID ? SessionID.make(args.sessionID) : undefined
-      process.stderr.write(`Exporting session: ${sessionID ?? "latest"}\n`)
-
-      if (!sessionID) {
-        UI.empty()
-        prompts.intro("Export session", {
-          output: process.stderr,
-        })
-
-        const sessions = await AppRuntime.runPromise(Session.Service.use((svc) => svc.list()))
-
-        if (sessions.length === 0) {
-          prompts.log.error("No sessions found", {
-            output: process.stderr,
-          })
-          prompts.outro("Done", {
-            output: process.stderr,
-          })
-          return
-        }
-
-        sessions.sort((a, b) => b.time.updated - a.time.updated)
-
-        const selectedSession = await prompts.autocomplete({
-          message: "Select session to export",
-          maxItems: 10,
-          options: sessions.map((session) => ({
-            label: session.title,
-            value: session.id,
-            hint: `${new Date(session.time.updated).toLocaleString()} • ${session.id.slice(-8)}`,
-          })),
-          output: process.stderr,
-        })
-
-        if (prompts.isCancel(selectedSession)) {
-          throw new UI.CancelledError()
-        }
-
-        sessionID = selectedSession
-
-        prompts.outro("Exporting session...", {
-          output: process.stderr,
-        })
-      }
-
-      try {
-        const sessionInfo = await AppRuntime.runPromise(Session.Service.use((svc) => svc.get(sessionID!)))
-        const messages = await AppRuntime.runPromise(
-          Session.Service.use((svc) => svc.messages({ sessionID: sessionInfo.id })),
-        )
-
-        const exportData = {
-          info: sessionInfo,
-          messages,
-        }
-
-        process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(args.sanitize ? sanitize(exportData) : exportData, null, 2))
-        process.stdout.write(EOL)
-      } catch {
-        UI.error(`Session not found: ${sessionID!}`)
-        process.exit(1)
-      }
-    })
-  },
+      }),
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.export")(function* (args) {
+    return yield* run(args)
+  }),
+})
+
+const run = Effect.fn("Cli.export.body")(function* (args: { sessionID?: string; sanitize?: boolean }) {
+  const svc = yield* Session.Service
+  let sessionID = args.sessionID ? SessionID.make(args.sessionID) : undefined
+  process.stderr.write(`Exporting session: ${sessionID ?? "latest"}\n`)
+
+  if (!sessionID) {
+    UI.empty()
+    prompts.intro("Export session", { output: process.stderr })
+
+    const sessions = yield* svc.list()
+
+    if (sessions.length === 0) {
+      prompts.log.error("No sessions found", { output: process.stderr })
+      prompts.outro("Done", { output: process.stderr })
+      return
+    }
+
+    sessions.sort((a, b) => b.time.updated - a.time.updated)
+
+    const selectedSession = yield* Effect.promise(() =>
+      prompts.autocomplete({
+        message: "Select session to export",
+        maxItems: 10,
+        options: sessions.map((session) => ({
+          label: session.title,
+          value: session.id,
+          hint: `${new Date(session.time.updated).toLocaleString()} • ${session.id.slice(-8)}`,
+        })),
+        output: process.stderr,
+      }),
+    )
+
+    if (prompts.isCancel(selectedSession)) {
+      return yield* Effect.die(new UI.CancelledError())
+    }
+
+    sessionID = selectedSession
+
+    prompts.outro("Exporting session...", { output: process.stderr })
+  }
+
+  // Match legacy try/catch — catches both typed failures and defects
+  // (Session.Service.get throws NotFoundError as a defect, not a typed E).
+  return yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const sessionInfo = yield* svc.get(sessionID!)
+    const messages = yield* svc.messages({ sessionID: sessionInfo.id })
+
+    const exportData = { info: sessionInfo, messages }
+
+    process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(args.sanitize ? sanitize(exportData) : exportData, null, 2))
+    process.stdout.write(EOL)
+  }).pipe(Effect.catchCause(() => fail(`Session not found: ${sessionID!}`)))
 })

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/generate.ts

@@ -1,22 +1,28 @@
 import { Server } from "../../server/server"
-import { PublicApi } from "../../server/routes/instance/httpapi/public"
 import type { CommandModule } from "yargs"
-import { OpenApi } from "effect/unstable/httpapi"
 
 type Args = {
   httpapi: boolean
+  hono: boolean
 }
 
 export const GenerateCommand = {
   command: "generate",
   builder: (yargs) =>
-    yargs.option("httpapi", {
-      type: "boolean",
-      default: false,
-      description: "Generate OpenAPI from the experimental Effect HttpApi contract",
-    }),
+    yargs
+      .option("httpapi", {
+        type: "boolean",
+        default: false,
+        description:
+          "Generate OpenAPI from the Effect HttpApi contract (default; flag retained for backwards compatibility)",
+      })
+      .option("hono", {
+        type: "boolean",
+        default: false,
+        description: "Generate OpenAPI from the legacy Hono backend (parity-diff only; will be removed)",
+      }),
   handler: async (args) => {
-    const specs = args.httpapi ? OpenApi.fromApi(PublicApi) : await Server.openapi()
+    const specs = args.hono ? await Server.openapiHono() : await Server.openapi()
     for (const item of Object.values(specs.paths)) {
       for (const method of ["get", "post", "put", "delete", "patch"] as const) {
         const operation = item[method]

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/github.ts

@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ import type {
 } from "@octokit/webhooks-types"
 import { UI } from "../ui"
 import { cmd } from "./cmd"
+import { effectCmd } from "../effect-cmd"
 import { ModelsDev } from "@/provider/models"
-import { Instance } from "@/project/instance"
-import { bootstrap } from "../bootstrap"
+import { InstanceRef } from "@/effect/instance-ref"
 import { SessionShare } from "@/share/session"
 import { Session } from "@/session/session"
 import type { SessionID } from "../../session/schema"
@@ -199,191 +199,192 @@ export const GithubCommand = cmd({
   async handler() {},
 })
 
-export const GithubInstallCommand = cmd({
+export const GithubInstallCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "install",
   describe: "install the GitHub agent",
-  async handler() {
-    await Instance.provide({
-      directory: process.cwd(),
-      async fn() {
-        {
-          UI.empty()
-          prompts.intro("Install GitHub agent")
-          const app = await getAppInfo()
-          await installGitHubApp()
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.github.install")(function* () {
+    const maybeCtx = yield* InstanceRef
+    if (!maybeCtx) return yield* Effect.die("InstanceRef not provided")
+    const ctx = maybeCtx
+    yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+      {
+        UI.empty()
+        prompts.intro("Install GitHub agent")
+        const app = await getAppInfo()
+        await installGitHubApp()
 
-          const providers = await ModelsDev.get().then((p) => {
-            // TODO: add guide for copilot, for now just hide it
-            delete p["github-copilot"]
-            return p
+        const providers = await AppRuntime.runPromise(ModelsDev.Service.use((s) => s.get())).then((p) => {
+          // TODO: add guide for copilot, for now just hide it
+          delete p["github-copilot"]
+          return p
+        })
+
+        const provider = await promptProvider()
+        const model = await promptModel()
+        //const key = await promptKey()
+
+        await addWorkflowFiles()
+        printNextSteps()
+
+        function printNextSteps() {
+          let step2
+          if (provider === "amazon-bedrock") {
+            step2 =
+              "Configure OIDC in AWS - https://docs.github.com/en/actions/how-tos/security-for-github-actions/security-hardening-your-deployments/configuring-openid-connect-in-amazon-web-services"
+          } else {
+            step2 = [
+              `    2. Add the following secrets in org or repo (${app.owner}/${app.repo}) settings`,
+              "",
+              ...providers[provider].env.map((e) => `       - ${e}`),
+            ].join("\n")
+          }
+
+          prompts.outro(
+            [
+              "Next steps:",
+              "",
+              `    1. Commit the \`${WORKFLOW_FILE}\` file and push`,
+              step2,
+              "",
+              "    3. Go to a GitHub issue and comment `/oc summarize` to see the agent in action",
+              "",
+              "   Learn more about the GitHub agent - https://opencode.ai/docs/github/#usage-examples",
+            ].join("\n"),
+          )
+        }
+
+        async function getAppInfo() {
+          const project = ctx.project
+          if (project.vcs !== "git") {
+            prompts.log.error(`Could not find git repository. Please run this command from a git repository.`)
+            throw new UI.CancelledError()
+          }
+
+          // Get repo info
+          const info = await AppRuntime.runPromise(
+            Git.Service.use((git) => git.run(["remote", "get-url", "origin"], { cwd: ctx.worktree })),
+          ).then((x) => x.text().trim())
+          const parsed = parseGitHubRemote(info)
+          if (!parsed) {
+            prompts.log.error(`Could not find git repository. Please run this command from a git repository.`)
+            throw new UI.CancelledError()
+          }
+          return { owner: parsed.owner, repo: parsed.repo, root: ctx.worktree }
+        }
+
+        async function promptProvider() {
+          const priority: Record<string, number> = {
+            opencode: 0,
+            anthropic: 1,
+            openai: 2,
+            google: 3,
+          }
+          let provider = await prompts.select({
+            message: "Select provider",
+            maxItems: 8,
+            options: pipe(
+              providers,
+              values(),
+              sortBy(
+                (x) => priority[x.id] ?? 99,
+                (x) => x.name ?? x.id,
+              ),
+              map((x) => ({
+                label: x.name,
+                value: x.id,
+                hint: priority[x.id] === 0 ? "recommended" : undefined,
+              })),
+            ),
           })
 
-          const provider = await promptProvider()
-          const model = await promptModel()
-          //const key = await promptKey()
+          if (prompts.isCancel(provider)) throw new UI.CancelledError()
 
-          await addWorkflowFiles()
-          printNextSteps()
+          return provider
+        }
 
-          function printNextSteps() {
-            let step2
-            if (provider === "amazon-bedrock") {
-              step2 =
-                "Configure OIDC in AWS - https://docs.github.com/en/actions/how-tos/security-for-github-actions/security-hardening-your-deployments/configuring-openid-connect-in-amazon-web-services"
-            } else {
-              step2 = [
-                `    2. Add the following secrets in org or repo (${app.owner}/${app.repo}) settings`,
-                "",
-                ...providers[provider].env.map((e) => `       - ${e}`),
-              ].join("\n")
+        async function promptModel() {
+          const providerData = providers[provider]!
+
+          const model = await prompts.select({
+            message: "Select model",
+            maxItems: 8,
+            options: pipe(
+              providerData.models,
+              values(),
+              sortBy((x) => x.name ?? x.id),
+              map((x) => ({
+                label: x.name ?? x.id,
+                value: x.id,
+              })),
+            ),
+          })
+
+          if (prompts.isCancel(model)) throw new UI.CancelledError()
+          return model
+        }
+
+        async function installGitHubApp() {
+          const s = prompts.spinner()
+          s.start("Installing GitHub app")
+
+          // Get installation
+          const installation = await getInstallation()
+          if (installation) return s.stop("GitHub app already installed")
+
+          // Open browser
+          const url = "https://github.com/apps/opencode-agent"
+          const command =
+            process.platform === "darwin"
+              ? `open "${url}"`
+              : process.platform === "win32"
+                ? `start "" "${url}"`
+                : `xdg-open "${url}"`
+
+          exec(command, (error) => {
+            if (error) {
+              prompts.log.warn(`Could not open browser. Please visit: ${url}`)
             }
+          })
 
-            prompts.outro(
-              [
-                "Next steps:",
-                "",
-                `    1. Commit the \`${WORKFLOW_FILE}\` file and push`,
-                step2,
-                "",
-                "    3. Go to a GitHub issue and comment `/oc summarize` to see the agent in action",
-                "",
-                "   Learn more about the GitHub agent - https://opencode.ai/docs/github/#usage-examples",
-              ].join("\n"),
-            )
-          }
-
-          async function getAppInfo() {
-            const project = Instance.project
-            if (project.vcs !== "git") {
-              prompts.log.error(`Could not find git repository. Please run this command from a git repository.`)
-              throw new UI.CancelledError()
-            }
-
-            // Get repo info
-            const info = await AppRuntime.runPromise(
-              Git.Service.use((git) => git.run(["remote", "get-url", "origin"], { cwd: Instance.worktree })),
-            ).then((x) => x.text().trim())
-            const parsed = parseGitHubRemote(info)
-            if (!parsed) {
-              prompts.log.error(`Could not find git repository. Please run this command from a git repository.`)
-              throw new UI.CancelledError()
-            }
-            return { owner: parsed.owner, repo: parsed.repo, root: Instance.worktree }
-          }
-
-          async function promptProvider() {
-            const priority: Record<string, number> = {
-              opencode: 0,
-              anthropic: 1,
-              openai: 2,
-              google: 3,
-            }
-            let provider = await prompts.select({
-              message: "Select provider",
-              maxItems: 8,
-              options: pipe(
-                providers,
-                values(),
-                sortBy(
-                  (x) => priority[x.id] ?? 99,
-                  (x) => x.name ?? x.id,
-                ),
-                map((x) => ({
-                  label: x.name,
-                  value: x.id,
-                  hint: priority[x.id] === 0 ? "recommended" : undefined,
-                })),
-              ),
-            })
-
-            if (prompts.isCancel(provider)) throw new UI.CancelledError()
-
-            return provider
-          }
-
-          async function promptModel() {
-            const providerData = providers[provider]!
-
-            const model = await prompts.select({
-              message: "Select model",
-              maxItems: 8,
-              options: pipe(
-                providerData.models,
-                values(),
-                sortBy((x) => x.name ?? x.id),
-                map((x) => ({
-                  label: x.name ?? x.id,
-                  value: x.id,
-                })),
-              ),
-            })
-
-            if (prompts.isCancel(model)) throw new UI.CancelledError()
-            return model
-          }
-
-          async function installGitHubApp() {
-            const s = prompts.spinner()
-            s.start("Installing GitHub app")
-
-            // Get installation
+          // Wait for installation
+          s.message("Waiting for GitHub app to be installed")
+          const MAX_RETRIES = 120
+          let retries = 0
+          do {
             const installation = await getInstallation()
-            if (installation) return s.stop("GitHub app already installed")
+            if (installation) break
 
-            // Open browser
-            const url = "https://github.com/apps/opencode-agent"
-            const command =
-              process.platform === "darwin"
-                ? `open "${url}"`
-                : process.platform === "win32"
-                  ? `start "" "${url}"`
-                  : `xdg-open "${url}"`
-
-            exec(command, (error) => {
-              if (error) {
-                prompts.log.warn(`Could not open browser. Please visit: ${url}`)
-              }
-            })
-
-            // Wait for installation
-            s.message("Waiting for GitHub app to be installed")
-            const MAX_RETRIES = 120
-            let retries = 0
-            do {
-              const installation = await getInstallation()
-              if (installation) break
-
-              if (retries > MAX_RETRIES) {
-                s.stop(
-                  `Failed to detect GitHub app installation. Make sure to install the app for the \`${app.owner}/${app.repo}\` repository.`,
-                )
-                throw new UI.CancelledError()
-              }
-
-              retries++
-              await sleep(1000)
-            } while (true) // oxlint-disable-line no-constant-condition
-
-            s.stop("Installed GitHub app")
-
-            async function getInstallation() {
-              return await fetch(
-                `https://api.opencode.ai/get_github_app_installation?owner=${app.owner}&repo=${app.repo}`,
+            if (retries > MAX_RETRIES) {
+              s.stop(
+                `Failed to detect GitHub app installation. Make sure to install the app for the \`${app.owner}/${app.repo}\` repository.`,
               )
-                .then((res) => res.json())
-                .then((data) => data.installation)
+              throw new UI.CancelledError()
             }
+
+            retries++
+            await sleep(1000)
+          } while (true) // oxlint-disable-line no-constant-condition
+
+          s.stop("Installed GitHub app")
+
+          async function getInstallation() {
+            return await fetch(
+              `https://api.opencode.ai/get_github_app_installation?owner=${app.owner}&repo=${app.repo}`,
+            )
+              .then((res) => res.json())
+              .then((data) => data.installation)
           }
+        }
 
-          async function addWorkflowFiles() {
-            const envStr =
-              provider === "amazon-bedrock"
-                ? ""
-                : `\n        env:${providers[provider].env.map((e) => `\n          ${e}: \${{ secrets.${e} }}`).join("")}`
+        async function addWorkflowFiles() {
+          const envStr =
+            provider === "amazon-bedrock"
+              ? ""
+              : `\n        env:${providers[provider].env.map((e) => `\n          ${e}: \${{ secrets.${e} }}`).join("")}`
 
-            await Filesystem.write(
-              path.join(app.root, WORKFLOW_FILE),
-              `name: opencode
+          await Filesystem.write(
+            path.join(app.root, WORKFLOW_FILE),
+            `name: opencode
 
 on:
   issue_comment:
@@ -414,17 +415,16 @@ jobs:
         uses: anomalyco/opencode/github@latest${envStr}
         with:
           model: ${provider}/${model}`,
-            )
+          )
 
-            prompts.log.success(`Added workflow file: "${WORKFLOW_FILE}"`)
-          }
+          prompts.log.success(`Added workflow file: "${WORKFLOW_FILE}"`)
         }
-      },
+      }
     })
-  },
+  }),
 })
 
-export const GithubRunCommand = cmd({
+export const GithubRunCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "run",
   describe: "run the GitHub agent",
   builder: (yargs) =>
@@ -437,8 +437,10 @@ export const GithubRunCommand = cmd({
         type: "string",
         describe: "GitHub personal access token (github_pat_********)",
       }),
-  async handler(args) {
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.github.run")(function* (args) {
+    const ctx = yield* InstanceRef
+    if (!ctx) return yield* Effect.die("InstanceRef not provided")
+    yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
       const isMock = args.token || args.event
 
       const context = isMock ? (JSON.parse(args.event!) as Context) : github.context
@@ -501,21 +503,21 @@ export const GithubRunCommand = cmd({
           : "issue"
         : undefined
       const gitText = async (args: string[]) => {
-        const result = await AppRuntime.runPromise(Git.Service.use((git) => git.run(args, { cwd: Instance.worktree })))
+        const result = await AppRuntime.runPromise(Git.Service.use((git) => git.run(args, { cwd: ctx.worktree })))
         if (result.exitCode !== 0) {
           throw new Process.RunFailedError(["git", ...args], result.exitCode, result.stdout, result.stderr)
         }
         return result.text().trim()
       }
       const gitRun = async (args: string[]) => {
-        const result = await AppRuntime.runPromise(Git.Service.use((git) => git.run(args, { cwd: Instance.worktree })))
+        const result = await AppRuntime.runPromise(Git.Service.use((git) => git.run(args, { cwd: ctx.worktree })))
         if (result.exitCode !== 0) {
           throw new Process.RunFailedError(["git", ...args], result.exitCode, result.stdout, result.stderr)
         }
         return result
       }
       const gitStatus = (args: string[]) =>
-        AppRuntime.runPromise(Git.Service.use((git) => git.run(args, { cwd: Instance.worktree })))
+        AppRuntime.runPromise(Git.Service.use((git) => git.run(args, { cwd: ctx.worktree })))
       const commitChanges = async (summary: string, actor?: string) => {
         const args = ["commit", "-m", summary]
         if (actor) args.push("-m", `Co-authored-by: ${actor} <${actor}@users.noreply.github.com>`)
@@ -879,7 +881,7 @@ export const GithubRunCommand = cmd({
       function subscribeSessionEvents() {
         const TOOL: Record<string, [string, string]> = {
           todowrite: ["Todo", UI.Style.TEXT_WARNING_BOLD],
-          bash: ["Bash", UI.Style.TEXT_DANGER_BOLD],
+          bash: ["Shell", UI.Style.TEXT_DANGER_BOLD],
           edit: ["Edit", UI.Style.TEXT_SUCCESS_BOLD],
           glob: ["Glob", UI.Style.TEXT_INFO_BOLD],
           grep: ["Grep", UI.Style.TEXT_INFO_BOLD],
@@ -1645,5 +1647,5 @@ query($owner: String!, $repo: String!, $number: Int!) {
         })
       }
     })
-  },
+  }),
 })

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/import.ts

@@ -1,17 +1,14 @@
-import type { Argv } from "yargs"
 import type { Session as SDKSession, Message, Part } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2"
 import { Session } from "@/session/session"
 import { MessageV2 } from "../../session/message-v2"
-import { cmd } from "./cmd"
-import { bootstrap } from "../bootstrap"
+import { CliError, effectCmd } from "../effect-cmd"
 import { Database } from "@/storage/db"
 import { SessionTable, MessageTable, PartTable } from "../../session/session.sql"
-import { Instance } from "../../project/instance"
+import { InstanceRef } from "@/effect/instance-ref"
 import { ShareNext } from "@/share/share-next"
 import { EOL } from "os"
 import { Filesystem } from "@/util/filesystem"
-import { AppRuntime } from "@/effect/app-runtime"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
+import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
 
 const decodeMessageInfo = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(MessageV2.Info)
 const decodePart = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(MessageV2.Part)
@@ -78,135 +75,143 @@ export function transformShareData(shareData: ShareData[]): {
   }
 }
 
-export const ImportCommand = cmd({
+type ExportData = { info: SDKSession; messages: Array<{ info: Message; parts: Part[] }> }
+
+export const ImportCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "import <file>",
   describe: "import session data from JSON file or URL",
-  builder: (yargs: Argv) => {
-    return yargs.positional("file", {
+  builder: (yargs) =>
+    yargs.positional("file", {
       describe: "path to JSON file or share URL",
       type: "string",
       demandOption: true,
+    }),
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.import")(function* (args) {
+    const ctx = yield* InstanceRef
+    if (!ctx) return yield* Effect.die("InstanceRef not provided")
+    return yield* runImport(args.file, ctx.project.id)
+  }),
+})
+
+const runImport = Effect.fn("Cli.import.body")(function* (file: string, projectID: string) {
+  const share = yield* ShareNext.Service
+
+  let exportData: ExportData | undefined
+
+  const isUrl = file.startsWith("http://") || file.startsWith("https://")
+
+  if (isUrl) {
+    const slug = parseShareUrl(file)
+    if (!slug) {
+      const baseUrl = yield* Effect.orDie(share.url())
+      process.stdout.write(`Invalid URL format. Expected: ${baseUrl}/share/<slug>`)
+      process.stdout.write(EOL)
+      return
+    }
+
+    const baseUrl = new URL(file).origin
+    const req = yield* Effect.orDie(share.request())
+    const headers = shouldAttachShareAuthHeaders(file, req.baseUrl) ? req.headers : {}
+
+    const tryFetch = (url: string) =>
+      Effect.tryPromise({
+        try: () => fetch(url, { headers }),
+        catch: (e) =>
+          new CliError({
+            message: `Failed to fetch share data: ${e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)}`,
+          }),
+      })
+
+    const dataPath = req.api.data(slug)
+    let response = yield* tryFetch(`${baseUrl}${dataPath}`)
+
+    if (!response.ok && dataPath !== `/api/share/${slug}/data`) {
+      response = yield* tryFetch(`${baseUrl}/api/share/${slug}/data`)
+    }
+
+    if (!response.ok) {
+      process.stdout.write(`Failed to fetch share data: ${response.statusText}`)
+      process.stdout.write(EOL)
+      return
+    }
+
+    const shareData = yield* Effect.tryPromise({
+      try: () => response.json() as Promise<ShareData[]>,
+      catch: () => new CliError({ message: "Share data was not valid JSON" }),
     })
-  },
-  handler: async (args) => {
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-      let exportData:
-        | {
-            info: SDKSession
-            messages: Array<{
-              info: Message
-              parts: Part[]
-            }>
-          }
-        | undefined
+    const transformed = transformShareData(shareData)
 
-      const isUrl = args.file.startsWith("http://") || args.file.startsWith("https://")
+    if (!transformed) {
+      process.stdout.write(`Share not found or empty: ${slug}`)
+      process.stdout.write(EOL)
+      return
+    }
 
-      if (isUrl) {
-        const slug = parseShareUrl(args.file)
-        if (!slug) {
-          const baseUrl = await AppRuntime.runPromise(ShareNext.Service.use((svc) => svc.url()))
-          process.stdout.write(`Invalid URL format. Expected: ${baseUrl}/share/<slug>`)
-          process.stdout.write(EOL)
-          return
-        }
+    exportData = transformed
+  } else {
+    exportData = yield* Effect.promise(() =>
+      Filesystem.readJson<NonNullable<typeof exportData>>(file).catch(() => undefined),
+    )
+    if (!exportData) {
+      process.stdout.write(`File not found: ${file}`)
+      process.stdout.write(EOL)
+      return
+    }
+  }
 
-        const parsed = new URL(args.file)
-        const baseUrl = parsed.origin
-        const req = await AppRuntime.runPromise(ShareNext.Service.use((svc) => svc.request()))
-        const headers = shouldAttachShareAuthHeaders(args.file, req.baseUrl) ? req.headers : {}
+  if (!exportData) {
+    process.stdout.write(`Failed to read session data`)
+    process.stdout.write(EOL)
+    return
+  }
 
-        const dataPath = req.api.data(slug)
-        let response = await fetch(`${baseUrl}${dataPath}`, {
-          headers,
+  const info = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Session.Info)({
+    ...exportData.info,
+    projectID,
+  }) as Session.Info
+  const row = Session.toRow(info)
+  Database.use((db) =>
+    db
+      .insert(SessionTable)
+      .values(row)
+      .onConflictDoUpdate({ target: SessionTable.id, set: { project_id: row.project_id } })
+      .run(),
+  )
+
+  for (const msg of exportData.messages) {
+    const msgInfo = decodeMessageInfo(msg.info) as MessageV2.Info
+    const { id, sessionID: _, ...msgData } = msgInfo
+    Database.use((db) =>
+      db
+        .insert(MessageTable)
+        .values({
+          id,
+          session_id: row.id,
+          time_created: msgInfo.time?.created ?? Date.now(),
+          data: msgData,
         })
+        .onConflictDoNothing()
+        .run(),
+    )
 
-        if (!response.ok && dataPath !== `/api/share/${slug}/data`) {
-          response = await fetch(`${baseUrl}/api/share/${slug}/data`, {
-            headers,
-          })
-        }
-
-        if (!response.ok) {
-          process.stdout.write(`Failed to fetch share data: ${response.statusText}`)
-          process.stdout.write(EOL)
-          return
-        }
-
-        const shareData: ShareData[] = await response.json()
-        const transformed = transformShareData(shareData)
-
-        if (!transformed) {
-          process.stdout.write(`Share not found or empty: ${slug}`)
-          process.stdout.write(EOL)
-          return
-        }
-
-        exportData = transformed
-      } else {
-        exportData = await Filesystem.readJson<NonNullable<typeof exportData>>(args.file).catch(() => undefined)
-        if (!exportData) {
-          process.stdout.write(`File not found: ${args.file}`)
-          process.stdout.write(EOL)
-          return
-        }
-      }
-
-      if (!exportData) {
-        process.stdout.write(`Failed to read session data`)
-        process.stdout.write(EOL)
-        return
-      }
-
-      const info = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Session.Info)({
-        ...exportData.info,
-        projectID: Instance.project.id,
-      }) as Session.Info
-      const row = Session.toRow(info)
+    for (const part of msg.parts) {
+      const partInfo = decodePart(part) as MessageV2.Part
+      const { id: partId, sessionID: _s, messageID, ...partData } = partInfo
       Database.use((db) =>
         db
-          .insert(SessionTable)
-          .values(row)
-          .onConflictDoUpdate({ target: SessionTable.id, set: { project_id: row.project_id } })
+          .insert(PartTable)
+          .values({
+            id: partId,
+            message_id: messageID,
+            session_id: row.id,
+            data: partData,
+          })
+          .onConflictDoNothing()
           .run(),
       )
+    }
+  }
 
-      for (const msg of exportData.messages) {
-        const msgInfo = decodeMessageInfo(msg.info) as MessageV2.Info
-        const { id, sessionID: _, ...msgData } = msgInfo
-        Database.use((db) =>
-          db
-            .insert(MessageTable)
-            .values({
-              id,
-              session_id: row.id,
-              time_created: msgInfo.time?.created ?? Date.now(),
-              data: msgData,
-            })
-            .onConflictDoNothing()
-            .run(),
-        )
-
-        for (const part of msg.parts) {
-          const partInfo = decodePart(part) as MessageV2.Part
-          const { id: partId, sessionID: _s, messageID, ...partData } = partInfo
-          Database.use((db) =>
-            db
-              .insert(PartTable)
-              .values({
-                id: partId,
-                message_id: messageID,
-                session_id: row.id,
-                data: partData,
-              })
-              .onConflictDoNothing()
-              .run(),
-          )
-        }
-      }
-
-      process.stdout.write(`Imported session: ${exportData.info.id}`)
-      process.stdout.write(EOL)
-    })
-  },
+  process.stdout.write(`Imported session: ${exportData.info.id}`)
+  process.stdout.write(EOL)
 })

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/models.ts

@@ -1,19 +1,16 @@
-import type { Argv } from "yargs"
-import { Instance } from "../../project/instance"
+import { EOL } from "os"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Provider } from "@/provider/provider"
 import { ProviderID } from "../../provider/schema"
 import { ModelsDev } from "@/provider/models"
-import { cmd } from "./cmd"
+import { effectCmd, fail } from "../effect-cmd"
 import { UI } from "../ui"
-import { EOL } from "os"
-import { AppRuntime } from "@/effect/app-runtime"
-import { Effect } from "effect"
 
-export const ModelsCommand = cmd({
+export const ModelsCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "models [provider]",
   describe: "list all available models",
-  builder: (yargs: Argv) => {
-    return yargs
+  builder: (yargs) =>
+    yargs
       .positional("provider", {
         describe: "provider ID to filter models by",
         type: "string",
@@ -26,63 +23,44 @@ export const ModelsCommand = cmd({
       .option("refresh", {
         describe: "refresh the models cache from models.dev",
         type: "boolean",
-      })
-  },
-  handler: async (args) => {
+      }),
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.models")(function* (args) {
     if (args.refresh) {
-      await ModelsDev.refresh(true)
+      yield* ModelsDev.Service.use((s) => s.refresh(true))
       UI.println(UI.Style.TEXT_SUCCESS_BOLD + "Models cache refreshed" + UI.Style.TEXT_NORMAL)
     }
 
-    await Instance.provide({
-      directory: process.cwd(),
-      async fn() {
-        await AppRuntime.runPromise(
-          Effect.gen(function* () {
-            const svc = yield* Provider.Service
-            const providers = yield* svc.list()
+    const provider = yield* Provider.Service
+    const providers = yield* provider.list()
 
-            const print = (providerID: ProviderID, verbose?: boolean) => {
-              const provider = providers[providerID]
-              const sorted = Object.entries(provider.models).sort(([a], [b]) => a.localeCompare(b))
-              for (const [modelID, model] of sorted) {
-                process.stdout.write(`${providerID}/${modelID}`)
-                process.stdout.write(EOL)
-                if (verbose) {
-                  process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(model, null, 2))
-                  process.stdout.write(EOL)
-                }
-              }
-            }
+    const print = (providerID: ProviderID, verbose?: boolean) => {
+      const p = providers[providerID]
+      const sorted = Object.entries(p.models).sort(([a], [b]) => a.localeCompare(b))
+      for (const [modelID, model] of sorted) {
+        process.stdout.write(`${providerID}/${modelID}`)
+        process.stdout.write(EOL)
+        if (verbose) {
+          process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify(model, null, 2))
+          process.stdout.write(EOL)
+        }
+      }
+    }
 
-            if (args.provider) {
-              const providerID = ProviderID.make(args.provider)
-              const provider = providers[providerID]
-              if (!provider) {
-                yield* Effect.sync(() => UI.error(`Provider not found: ${args.provider}`))
-                return
-              }
+    if (args.provider) {
+      const providerID = ProviderID.make(args.provider)
+      if (!providers[providerID]) return yield* fail(`Provider not found: ${args.provider}`)
+      print(providerID, args.verbose)
+      return
+    }
 
-              yield* Effect.sync(() => print(providerID, args.verbose))
-              return
-            }
-
-            const ids = Object.keys(providers).sort((a, b) => {
-              const aIsOpencode = a.startsWith("opencode")
-              const bIsOpencode = b.startsWith("opencode")
-              if (aIsOpencode && !bIsOpencode) return -1
-              if (!aIsOpencode && bIsOpencode) return 1
-              return a.localeCompare(b)
-            })
-
-            yield* Effect.sync(() => {
-              for (const providerID of ids) {
-                print(ProviderID.make(providerID), args.verbose)
-              }
-            })
-          }),
-        )
-      },
+    const ids = Object.keys(providers).sort((a, b) => {
+      const aIsOpencode = a.startsWith("opencode")
+      const bIsOpencode = b.startsWith("opencode")
+      if (aIsOpencode && !bIsOpencode) return -1
+      if (!aIsOpencode && bIsOpencode) return 1
+      return a.localeCompare(b)
     })
-  },
+
+    for (const providerID of ids) print(ProviderID.make(providerID), args.verbose)
+  }),
 })

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/plug.ts

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 import { intro, log, outro, spinner } from "@clack/prompts"
-import type { Argv } from "yargs"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 
 import { ConfigPaths } from "@/config/paths"
 import { Global } from "@opencode-ai/core/global"
 import { installPlugin, patchPluginConfig, readPluginManifest } from "../../plugin/install"
 import { resolvePluginTarget } from "../../plugin/shared"
-import { Instance } from "../../project/instance"
 import { errorMessage } from "../../util/error"
 import { Filesystem } from "@/util/filesystem"
 import { Process } from "@/util/process"
 import { UI } from "../ui"
-import { cmd } from "./cmd"
+import { effectCmd } from "../effect-cmd"
+import { InstanceRef } from "@/effect/instance-ref"
 
 type Spin = {
   start: (msg: string) => void
@@ -175,12 +175,12 @@ export function createPlugTask(input: PlugInput, dep: PlugDeps = defaultPlugDeps
   }
 }
 
-export const PluginCommand = cmd({
+export const PluginCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "plugin <module>",
   aliases: ["plug"],
   describe: "install plugin and update config",
-  builder: (yargs: Argv) => {
-    return yargs
+  builder: (yargs) =>
+    yargs
       .positional("module", {
         type: "string",
         describe: "npm module name",
@@ -196,9 +196,8 @@ export const PluginCommand = cmd({
         type: "boolean",
         default: false,
         describe: "replace existing plugin version",
-      })
-  },
-  handler: async (args) => {
+      }),
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.plug")(function* (args) {
     const mod = String(args.module ?? "").trim()
     if (!mod) {
       UI.error("module is required")
@@ -214,20 +213,18 @@ export const PluginCommand = cmd({
       global: Boolean(args.global),
       force: Boolean(args.force),
     })
-    let ok = true
 
-    await Instance.provide({
-      directory: process.cwd(),
-      fn: async () => {
-        ok = await run({
-          vcs: Instance.project.vcs,
-          worktree: Instance.worktree,
-          directory: Instance.directory,
-        })
-      },
-    })
+    const ctx = yield* InstanceRef
+    if (!ctx) return
+    const ok = yield* Effect.promise(() =>
+      run({
+        vcs: ctx.project.vcs,
+        worktree: ctx.worktree,
+        directory: ctx.directory,
+      }),
+    )
 
     outro("Done")
     if (!ok) process.exitCode = 1
-  },
+  }),
 })

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/pr.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { UI } from "../ui"
-import { cmd } from "./cmd"
-import { AppRuntime } from "@/effect/app-runtime"
+import { effectCmd, fail } from "../effect-cmd"
 import { Git } from "@/git"
-import { Instance } from "@/project/instance"
+import { InstanceRef } from "@/effect/instance-ref"
 import { Process } from "@/util/process"
 
-export const PrCommand = cmd({
+export const PrCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "pr <number>",
   describe: "fetch and checkout a GitHub PR branch, then run opencode",
   builder: (yargs) =>
@@ -14,125 +14,102 @@ export const PrCommand = cmd({
       describe: "PR number to checkout",
       demandOption: true,
     }),
-  async handler(args) {
-    await Instance.provide({
-      directory: process.cwd(),
-      async fn() {
-        const project = Instance.project
-        if (project.vcs !== "git") {
-          UI.error("Could not find git repository. Please run this command from a git repository.")
-          process.exit(1)
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.pr")(function* (args) {
+    const ctx = yield* InstanceRef
+    if (!ctx) return yield* fail("Could not load instance context")
+    if (ctx.project.vcs !== "git") {
+      return yield* fail("Could not find git repository. Please run this command from a git repository.")
+    }
+
+    const git = yield* Git.Service
+    const worktree = ctx.worktree
+
+    const prNumber = args.number
+    const localBranchName = `pr/${prNumber}`
+    UI.println(`Fetching and checking out PR #${prNumber}...`)
+
+    const checkout = yield* Effect.promise(() =>
+      Process.run(["gh", "pr", "checkout", `${prNumber}`, "--branch", localBranchName, "--force"], { nothrow: true }),
+    )
+    if (checkout.code !== 0) {
+      return yield* fail(`Failed to checkout PR #${prNumber}. Make sure you have gh CLI installed and authenticated.`)
+    }
+
+    const prInfoResult = yield* Effect.promise(() =>
+      Process.text(
+        [
+          "gh",
+          "pr",
+          "view",
+          `${prNumber}`,
+          "--json",
+          "headRepository,headRepositoryOwner,isCrossRepository,headRefName,body",
+        ],
+        { nothrow: true },
+      ),
+    )
+
+    let sessionId: string | undefined
+
+    if (prInfoResult.code === 0 && prInfoResult.text.trim()) {
+      const prInfo = JSON.parse(prInfoResult.text)
+
+      if (prInfo?.isCrossRepository && prInfo.headRepository && prInfo.headRepositoryOwner) {
+        const forkOwner = prInfo.headRepositoryOwner.login
+        const forkName = prInfo.headRepository.name
+        const remoteName = forkOwner
+
+        const remotes = (yield* git.run(["remote"], { cwd: worktree })).text().trim()
+        if (!remotes.split("\n").includes(remoteName)) {
+          yield* git.run(["remote", "add", remoteName, `https://github.com/${forkOwner}/${forkName}.git`], {
+            cwd: worktree,
+          })
+          UI.println(`Added fork remote: ${remoteName}`)
         }
 
-        const prNumber = args.number
-        const localBranchName = `pr/${prNumber}`
-        UI.println(`Fetching and checking out PR #${prNumber}...`)
+        yield* git.run(["branch", `--set-upstream-to=${remoteName}/${prInfo.headRefName}`, localBranchName], {
+          cwd: worktree,
+        })
+      }
 
-        // Use gh pr checkout with custom branch name
-        const result = await Process.run(
-          ["gh", "pr", "checkout", `${prNumber}`, "--branch", localBranchName, "--force"],
-          {
-            nothrow: true,
-          },
-        )
+      if (prInfo?.body) {
+        const sessionMatch = prInfo.body.match(/https:\/\/opncd\.ai\/s\/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/)
+        if (sessionMatch) {
+          const sessionUrl = sessionMatch[0]
+          UI.println(`Found opencode session: ${sessionUrl}`)
+          UI.println(`Importing session...`)
 
-        if (result.code !== 0) {
-          UI.error(`Failed to checkout PR #${prNumber}. Make sure you have gh CLI installed and authenticated.`)
-          process.exit(1)
-        }
-
-        // Fetch PR info for fork handling and session link detection
-        const prInfoResult = await Process.text(
-          [
-            "gh",
-            "pr",
-            "view",
-            `${prNumber}`,
-            "--json",
-            "headRepository,headRepositoryOwner,isCrossRepository,headRefName,body",
-          ],
-          { nothrow: true },
-        )
-
-        let sessionId: string | undefined
-
-        if (prInfoResult.code === 0) {
-          const prInfoText = prInfoResult.text
-          if (prInfoText.trim()) {
-            const prInfo = JSON.parse(prInfoText)
-
-            // Handle fork PRs
-            if (prInfo && prInfo.isCrossRepository && prInfo.headRepository && prInfo.headRepositoryOwner) {
-              const forkOwner = prInfo.headRepositoryOwner.login
-              const forkName = prInfo.headRepository.name
-              const remoteName = forkOwner
-
-              // Check if remote already exists
-              const remotes = await AppRuntime.runPromise(
-                Git.Service.use((git) => git.run(["remote"], { cwd: Instance.worktree })),
-              ).then((x) => x.text().trim())
-              if (!remotes.split("\n").includes(remoteName)) {
-                await AppRuntime.runPromise(
-                  Git.Service.use((git) =>
-                    git.run(["remote", "add", remoteName, `https://github.com/${forkOwner}/${forkName}.git`], {
-                      cwd: Instance.worktree,
-                    }),
-                  ),
-                )
-                UI.println(`Added fork remote: ${remoteName}`)
-              }
-
-              // Set upstream to the fork so pushes go there
-              const headRefName = prInfo.headRefName
-              await AppRuntime.runPromise(
-                Git.Service.use((git) =>
-                  git.run(["branch", `--set-upstream-to=${remoteName}/${headRefName}`, localBranchName], {
-                    cwd: Instance.worktree,
-                  }),
-                ),
-              )
-            }
-
-            // Check for opencode session link in PR body
-            if (prInfo && prInfo.body) {
-              const sessionMatch = prInfo.body.match(/https:\/\/opncd\.ai\/s\/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/)
-              if (sessionMatch) {
-                const sessionUrl = sessionMatch[0]
-                UI.println(`Found opencode session: ${sessionUrl}`)
-                UI.println(`Importing session...`)
-
-                const importResult = await Process.text(["opencode", "import", sessionUrl], {
-                  nothrow: true,
-                })
-                if (importResult.code === 0) {
-                  const importOutput = importResult.text.trim()
-                  // Extract session ID from the output (format: "Imported session: <session-id>")
-                  const sessionIdMatch = importOutput.match(/Imported session: ([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/)
-                  if (sessionIdMatch) {
-                    sessionId = sessionIdMatch[1]
-                    UI.println(`Session imported: ${sessionId}`)
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+          const importResult = yield* Effect.promise(() =>
+            Process.text(["opencode", "import", sessionUrl], { nothrow: true }),
+          )
+          if (importResult.code === 0) {
+            const sessionIdMatch = importResult.text.trim().match(/Imported session: ([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/)
+            if (sessionIdMatch) {
+              sessionId = sessionIdMatch[1]
+              UI.println(`Session imported: ${sessionId}`)
             }
           }
         }
+      }
+    }
 
-        UI.println(`Successfully checked out PR #${prNumber} as branch '${localBranchName}'`)
-        UI.println()
-        UI.println("Starting opencode...")
-        UI.println()
+    UI.println(`Successfully checked out PR #${prNumber} as branch '${localBranchName}'`)
+    UI.println()
+    UI.println("Starting opencode...")
+    UI.println()
 
-        const opencodeArgs = sessionId ? ["-s", sessionId] : []
-        const opencodeProcess = Process.spawn(["opencode", ...opencodeArgs], {
+    const opencodeArgs = sessionId ? ["-s", sessionId] : []
+    const code = yield* Effect.promise(
+      () =>
+        Process.spawn(["opencode", ...opencodeArgs], {
           stdin: "inherit",
           stdout: "inherit",
           stderr: "inherit",
           cwd: process.cwd(),
-        })
-        const code = await opencodeProcess.exited
-        if (code !== 0) throw new Error(`opencode exited with code ${code}`)
-      },
-    })
-  },
+        }).exited,
+    )
+    // Match legacy throw semantics — propagate as a defect so the top-level
+    // index.ts catch handles it identically (exit 1, "Unexpected error" banner).
+    if (code !== 0) return yield* Effect.die(new Error(`opencode exited with code ${code}`))
+  }),
 })

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/providers.ts

@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
 import { Auth } from "../../auth"
 import { AppRuntime } from "../../effect/app-runtime"
 import { cmd } from "./cmd"
+import { effectCmd } from "../effect-cmd"
 import * as prompts from "@clack/prompts"
 import { UI } from "../ui"
 import { ModelsDev } from "@/provider/models"
+
+const getModels = () => AppRuntime.runPromise(ModelsDev.Service.use((s) => s.get()))
+const refreshModels = () => AppRuntime.runPromise(ModelsDev.Service.use((s) => s.refresh(true)))
 import { map, pipe, sortBy, values } from "remeda"
 import path from "path"
 import os from "os"
 import { Config } from "@/config/config"
 import { Global } from "@opencode-ai/core/global"
 import { Plugin } from "../../plugin"
-import { Instance } from "../../project/instance"
 import type { Hooks } from "@opencode-ai/plugin"
 import { Process } from "@/util/process"
 import { text } from "node:stream/consumers"
@@ -229,58 +232,59 @@ export const ProvidersCommand = cmd({
   async handler() {},
 })
 
-export const ProvidersListCommand = cmd({
+export const ProvidersListCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "list",
   aliases: ["ls"],
   describe: "list providers and credentials",
-  async handler(_args) {
-    UI.empty()
-    const authPath = path.join(Global.Path.data, "auth.json")
-    const homedir = os.homedir()
-    const displayPath = authPath.startsWith(homedir) ? authPath.replace(homedir, "~") : authPath
-    prompts.intro(`Credentials ${UI.Style.TEXT_DIM}${displayPath}`)
-    const results = await AppRuntime.runPromise(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const auth = yield* Auth.Service
-        return Object.entries(yield* auth.all())
-      }),
-    )
-    const database = await ModelsDev.get()
+  // Lists global credentials + provider env vars; no project instance needed.
+  instance: false,
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.providers.list")(function* (_args) {
+    const authSvc = yield* Auth.Service
+    const modelsDev = yield* ModelsDev.Service
+    yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+      UI.empty()
+      const authPath = path.join(Global.Path.data, "auth.json")
+      const homedir = os.homedir()
+      const displayPath = authPath.startsWith(homedir) ? authPath.replace(homedir, "~") : authPath
+      prompts.intro(`Credentials ${UI.Style.TEXT_DIM}${displayPath}`)
+      const results = Object.entries(await Effect.runPromise(authSvc.all()))
+      const database = await Effect.runPromise(modelsDev.get())
 
-    for (const [providerID, result] of results) {
-      const name = database[providerID]?.name || providerID
-      prompts.log.info(`${name} ${UI.Style.TEXT_DIM}${result.type}`)
-    }
+      for (const [providerID, result] of results) {
+        const name = database[providerID]?.name || providerID
+        prompts.log.info(`${name} ${UI.Style.TEXT_DIM}${result.type}`)
+      }
 
-    prompts.outro(`${results.length} credentials`)
+      prompts.outro(`${results.length} credentials`)
 
-    const activeEnvVars: Array<{ provider: string; envVar: string }> = []
+      const activeEnvVars: Array<{ provider: string; envVar: string }> = []
 
-    for (const [providerID, provider] of Object.entries(database)) {
-      for (const envVar of provider.env) {
-        if (process.env[envVar]) {
-          activeEnvVars.push({
-            provider: provider.name || providerID,
-            envVar,
-          })
+      for (const [providerID, provider] of Object.entries(database)) {
+        for (const envVar of provider.env) {
+          if (process.env[envVar]) {
+            activeEnvVars.push({
+              provider: provider.name || providerID,
+              envVar,
+            })
+          }
         }
       }
-    }
 
-    if (activeEnvVars.length > 0) {
-      UI.empty()
-      prompts.intro("Environment")
+      if (activeEnvVars.length > 0) {
+        UI.empty()
+        prompts.intro("Environment")
 
-      for (const { provider, envVar } of activeEnvVars) {
-        prompts.log.info(`${provider} ${UI.Style.TEXT_DIM}${envVar}`)
+        for (const { provider, envVar } of activeEnvVars) {
+          prompts.log.info(`${provider} ${UI.Style.TEXT_DIM}${envVar}`)
+        }
+
+        prompts.outro(`${activeEnvVars.length} environment variable` + (activeEnvVars.length === 1 ? "" : "s"))
       }
-
-      prompts.outro(`${activeEnvVars.length} environment variable` + (activeEnvVars.length === 1 ? "" : "s"))
-    }
-  },
+    })
+  }),
 })
 
-export const ProvidersLoginCommand = cmd({
+export const ProvidersLoginCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "login [url]",
   describe: "log in to a provider",
   builder: (yargs) =>
@@ -299,228 +303,219 @@ export const ProvidersLoginCommand = cmd({
         describe: "login method label (skips method selection)",
         type: "string",
       }),
-  async handler(args) {
-    await Instance.provide({
-      directory: process.cwd(),
-      async fn() {
-        UI.empty()
-        prompts.intro("Add credential")
-        if (args.url) {
-          const url = args.url.replace(/\/+$/, "")
-          const wellknown = (await fetch(`${url}/.well-known/opencode`).then((x) => x.json())) as {
-            auth: { command: string[]; env: string }
-          }
-          prompts.log.info(`Running \`${wellknown.auth.command.join(" ")}\``)
-          const proc = Process.spawn(wellknown.auth.command, {
-            stdout: "pipe",
-          })
-          if (!proc.stdout) {
-            prompts.log.error("Failed")
-            prompts.outro("Done")
-            return
-          }
-          const [exit, token] = await Promise.all([proc.exited, text(proc.stdout)])
-          if (exit !== 0) {
-            prompts.log.error("Failed")
-            prompts.outro("Done")
-            return
-          }
-          await put(url, {
-            type: "wellknown",
-            key: wellknown.auth.env,
-            token: token.trim(),
-          })
-          prompts.log.success("Logged into " + url)
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.providers.login")(function* (args) {
+    const cfgSvc = yield* Config.Service
+    const pluginSvc = yield* Plugin.Service
+    yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+      UI.empty()
+      prompts.intro("Add credential")
+      if (args.url) {
+        const url = args.url.replace(/\/+$/, "")
+        const wellknown = (await fetch(`${url}/.well-known/opencode`).then((x) => x.json())) as {
+          auth: { command: string[]; env: string }
+        }
+        prompts.log.info(`Running \`${wellknown.auth.command.join(" ")}\``)
+        const proc = Process.spawn(wellknown.auth.command, {
+          stdout: "pipe",
+          stderr: "inherit",
+        })
+        if (!proc.stdout) {
+          prompts.log.error("Failed")
           prompts.outro("Done")
           return
         }
-        await ModelsDev.refresh(true).catch(() => {})
-
-        const config = await AppRuntime.runPromise(Config.Service.use((cfg) => cfg.get()))
-
-        const disabled = new Set(config.disabled_providers ?? [])
-        const enabled = config.enabled_providers ? new Set(config.enabled_providers) : undefined
-
-        const providers = await ModelsDev.get().then((x) => {
-          const filtered: Record<string, (typeof x)[string]> = {}
-          for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(x)) {
-            if ((enabled ? enabled.has(key) : true) && !disabled.has(key)) {
-              filtered[key] = value
-            }
-          }
-          return filtered
-        })
-        const hooks = await AppRuntime.runPromise(
-          Effect.gen(function* () {
-            const plugin = yield* Plugin.Service
-            return yield* plugin.list()
-          }),
-        )
-
-        const priority: Record<string, number> = {
-          opencode: 0,
-          openai: 1,
-          "github-copilot": 2,
-          google: 3,
-          anthropic: 4,
-          openrouter: 5,
-          vercel: 6,
+        const [exit, token] = await Promise.all([proc.exited, text(proc.stdout)])
+        if (exit !== 0) {
+          prompts.log.error("Failed")
+          prompts.outro("Done")
+          return
         }
-        const pluginProviders = resolvePluginProviders({
-          hooks,
-          existingProviders: providers,
-          disabled,
-          enabled,
-          providerNames: Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(config.provider ?? {}).map(([id, p]) => [id, p.name])),
+        await put(url, {
+          type: "wellknown",
+          key: wellknown.auth.env,
+          token: token.trim(),
         })
-        const options = [
-          ...pipe(
-            providers,
-            values(),
-            sortBy(
-              (x) => priority[x.id] ?? 99,
-              (x) => x.name ?? x.id,
-            ),
-            map((x) => ({
-              label: x.name,
-              value: x.id,
-              hint: {
-                opencode: "recommended",
-                openai: "ChatGPT Plus/Pro or API key",
-              }[x.id],
-            })),
+        prompts.log.success("Logged into " + url)
+        prompts.outro("Done")
+        return
+      }
+      await refreshModels().catch(() => {})
+
+      const config = await Effect.runPromise(cfgSvc.get())
+
+      const disabled = new Set(config.disabled_providers ?? [])
+      const enabled = config.enabled_providers ? new Set(config.enabled_providers) : undefined
+
+      const providers = await getModels().then((x) => {
+        const filtered: Record<string, (typeof x)[string]> = {}
+        for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(x)) {
+          if ((enabled ? enabled.has(key) : true) && !disabled.has(key)) {
+            filtered[key] = value
+          }
+        }
+        return filtered
+      })
+      const hooks = await Effect.runPromise(pluginSvc.list())
+
+      const priority: Record<string, number> = {
+        opencode: 0,
+        openai: 1,
+        "github-copilot": 2,
+        google: 3,
+        anthropic: 4,
+        openrouter: 5,
+        vercel: 6,
+      }
+      const pluginProviders = resolvePluginProviders({
+        hooks,
+        existingProviders: providers,
+        disabled,
+        enabled,
+        providerNames: Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(config.provider ?? {}).map(([id, p]) => [id, p.name])),
+      })
+      const options = [
+        ...pipe(
+          providers,
+          values(),
+          sortBy(
+            (x) => priority[x.id] ?? 99,
+            (x) => x.name ?? x.id,
           ),
-          ...pluginProviders.map((x) => ({
+          map((x) => ({
             label: x.name,
             value: x.id,
-            hint: "plugin",
+            hint: {
+              opencode: "recommended",
+              openai: "ChatGPT Plus/Pro or API key",
+            }[x.id],
           })),
-        ]
+        ),
+        ...pluginProviders.map((x) => ({
+          label: x.name,
+          value: x.id,
+          hint: "plugin",
+        })),
+      ]
 
-        let provider: string
-        if (args.provider) {
-          const input = args.provider
-          const byID = options.find((x) => x.value === input)
-          const byName = options.find((x) => x.label.toLowerCase() === input.toLowerCase())
-          const match = byID ?? byName
-          if (!match) {
-            prompts.log.error(`Unknown provider "${input}"`)
-            process.exit(1)
-          }
-          provider = match.value
-        } else {
-          const selected = await prompts.autocomplete({
-            message: "Select provider",
-            maxItems: 8,
-            options: [
-              ...options,
-              {
-                value: "other",
-                label: "Other",
-              },
-            ],
-          })
-          if (prompts.isCancel(selected)) throw new UI.CancelledError()
-          provider = selected as string
+      let provider: string
+      if (args.provider) {
+        const input = args.provider
+        const byID = options.find((x) => x.value === input)
+        const byName = options.find((x) => x.label.toLowerCase() === input.toLowerCase())
+        const match = byID ?? byName
+        if (!match) {
+          prompts.log.error(`Unknown provider "${input}"`)
+          process.exit(1)
         }
+        provider = match.value
+      } else {
+        const selected = await prompts.autocomplete({
+          message: "Select provider",
+          maxItems: 8,
+          options: [
+            ...options,
+            {
+              value: "other",
+              label: "Other",
+            },
+          ],
+        })
+        if (prompts.isCancel(selected)) throw new UI.CancelledError()
+        provider = selected as string
+      }
 
-        const plugin = hooks.findLast((x) => x.auth?.provider === provider)
-        if (plugin && plugin.auth) {
-          const handled = await handlePluginAuth({ auth: plugin.auth }, provider, args.method)
+      const plugin = hooks.findLast((x) => x.auth?.provider === provider)
+      if (plugin && plugin.auth) {
+        const handled = await handlePluginAuth({ auth: plugin.auth }, provider, args.method)
+        if (handled) return
+      }
+
+      if (provider === "other") {
+        const custom = await prompts.text({
+          message: "Enter provider id",
+          validate: (x) => (x && x.match(/^[0-9a-z-]+$/) ? undefined : "a-z, 0-9 and hyphens only"),
+        })
+        if (prompts.isCancel(custom)) throw new UI.CancelledError()
+        provider = custom.replace(/^@ai-sdk\//, "")
+
+        const customPlugin = hooks.findLast((x) => x.auth?.provider === provider)
+        if (customPlugin && customPlugin.auth) {
+          const handled = await handlePluginAuth({ auth: customPlugin.auth }, provider, args.method)
           if (handled) return
         }
 
-        if (provider === "other") {
-          const custom = await prompts.text({
-            message: "Enter provider id",
-            validate: (x) => (x && x.match(/^[0-9a-z-]+$/) ? undefined : "a-z, 0-9 and hyphens only"),
-          })
-          if (prompts.isCancel(custom)) throw new UI.CancelledError()
-          provider = custom.replace(/^@ai-sdk\//, "")
+        prompts.log.warn(
+          `This only stores a credential for ${provider} - you will need configure it in opencode.json, check the docs for examples.`,
+        )
+      }
 
-          const customPlugin = hooks.findLast((x) => x.auth?.provider === provider)
-          if (customPlugin && customPlugin.auth) {
-            const handled = await handlePluginAuth({ auth: customPlugin.auth }, provider, args.method)
-            if (handled) return
-          }
+      if (provider === "amazon-bedrock") {
+        prompts.log.info(
+          "Amazon Bedrock authentication priority:\n" +
+            "  1. Bearer token (AWS_BEARER_TOKEN_BEDROCK or /connect)\n" +
+            "  2. AWS credential chain (profile, access keys, IAM roles, EKS IRSA)\n\n" +
+            "Configure via opencode.json options (profile, region, endpoint) or\n" +
+            "AWS environment variables (AWS_PROFILE, AWS_REGION, AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, AWS_WEB_IDENTITY_TOKEN_FILE).",
+        )
+      }
 
-          prompts.log.warn(
-            `This only stores a credential for ${provider} - you will need configure it in opencode.json, check the docs for examples.`,
-          )
-        }
+      if (provider === "opencode") {
+        prompts.log.info("Create an api key at https://opencode.ai/auth")
+      }
 
-        if (provider === "amazon-bedrock") {
-          prompts.log.info(
-            "Amazon Bedrock authentication priority:\n" +
-              "  1. Bearer token (AWS_BEARER_TOKEN_BEDROCK or /connect)\n" +
-              "  2. AWS credential chain (profile, access keys, IAM roles, EKS IRSA)\n\n" +
-              "Configure via opencode.json options (profile, region, endpoint) or\n" +
-              "AWS environment variables (AWS_PROFILE, AWS_REGION, AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, AWS_WEB_IDENTITY_TOKEN_FILE).",
-          )
-        }
+      if (provider === "vercel") {
+        prompts.log.info("You can create an api key at https://vercel.link/ai-gateway-token")
+      }
 
-        if (provider === "opencode") {
-          prompts.log.info("Create an api key at https://opencode.ai/auth")
-        }
+      if (["cloudflare", "cloudflare-ai-gateway"].includes(provider)) {
+        prompts.log.info(
+          "Cloudflare AI Gateway can be configured with CLOUDFLARE_GATEWAY_ID, CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID, and CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN environment variables. Read more: https://opencode.ai/docs/providers/#cloudflare-ai-gateway",
+        )
+      }
 
-        if (provider === "vercel") {
-          prompts.log.info("You can create an api key at https://vercel.link/ai-gateway-token")
-        }
+      const key = await prompts.password({
+        message: "Enter your API key",
+        validate: (x) => (x && x.length > 0 ? undefined : "Required"),
+      })
+      if (prompts.isCancel(key)) throw new UI.CancelledError()
+      await put(provider, {
+        type: "api",
+        key,
+      })
 
-        if (["cloudflare", "cloudflare-ai-gateway"].includes(provider)) {
-          prompts.log.info(
-            "Cloudflare AI Gateway can be configured with CLOUDFLARE_GATEWAY_ID, CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID, and CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN environment variables. Read more: https://opencode.ai/docs/providers/#cloudflare-ai-gateway",
-          )
-        }
-
-        const key = await prompts.password({
-          message: "Enter your API key",
-          validate: (x) => (x && x.length > 0 ? undefined : "Required"),
-        })
-        if (prompts.isCancel(key)) throw new UI.CancelledError()
-        await put(provider, {
-          type: "api",
-          key,
-        })
-
-        prompts.outro("Done")
-      },
+      prompts.outro("Done")
     })
-  },
+  }),
 })
 
-export const ProvidersLogoutCommand = cmd({
+export const ProvidersLogoutCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "logout",
   describe: "log out from a configured provider",
-  async handler(_args) {
-    UI.empty()
-    const credentials: Array<[string, Auth.Info]> = await AppRuntime.runPromise(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const auth = yield* Auth.Service
-        return Object.entries(yield* auth.all())
-      }),
-    )
-    prompts.intro("Remove credential")
-    if (credentials.length === 0) {
-      prompts.log.error("No credentials found")
-      return
-    }
-    const database = await ModelsDev.get()
-    const selected = await prompts.select({
-      message: "Select provider",
-      options: credentials.map(([key, value]) => ({
-        label: (database[key]?.name || key) + UI.Style.TEXT_DIM + " (" + value.type + ")",
-        value: key,
-      })),
+  // Removes a global auth credential; no project instance needed.
+  instance: false,
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.providers.logout")(function* (_args) {
+    const authSvc = yield* Auth.Service
+    const modelsDev = yield* ModelsDev.Service
+    yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+      UI.empty()
+      const credentials: Array<[string, Auth.Info]> = Object.entries(await Effect.runPromise(authSvc.all()))
+      prompts.intro("Remove credential")
+      if (credentials.length === 0) {
+        prompts.log.error("No credentials found")
+        return
+      }
+      const database = await Effect.runPromise(modelsDev.get())
+      const selected = await prompts.select({
+        message: "Select provider",
+        options: credentials.map(([key, value]) => ({
+          label: (database[key]?.name || key) + UI.Style.TEXT_DIM + " (" + value.type + ")",
+          value: key,
+        })),
+      })
+      if (prompts.isCancel(selected)) throw new UI.CancelledError()
+      const providerID = selected as string
+      await Effect.runPromise(authSvc.remove(providerID))
+      prompts.outro("Logout successful")
     })
-    if (prompts.isCancel(selected)) throw new UI.CancelledError()
-    const providerID = selected as string
-    await AppRuntime.runPromise(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const auth = yield* Auth.Service
-        yield* auth.remove(providerID)
-      }),
-    )
-    prompts.outro("Logout successful")
-  },
+  }),
 })

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import type { Argv } from "yargs"
 import path from "path"
 import { pathToFileURL } from "url"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { UI } from "../ui"
-import { cmd } from "./cmd"
+import { effectCmd } from "../effect-cmd"
 import { Flag } from "@opencode-ai/core/flag/flag"
-import { bootstrap } from "../bootstrap"
 import { EOL } from "os"
 import { Filesystem } from "@/util/filesystem"
 import { createOpencodeClient, type OpencodeClient, type ToolPart } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2"
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ import { WriteTool } from "../../tool/write"
 import { WebSearchTool } from "../../tool/websearch"
 import { TaskTool } from "../../tool/task"
 import { SkillTool } from "../../tool/skill"
-import { BashTool } from "../../tool/bash"
+import { ShellTool } from "../../tool/shell"
+import { ShellID } from "../../tool/shell/id"
 import { TodoWriteTool } from "../../tool/todo"
 import { Locale } from "@/util/locale"
 import { AppRuntime } from "@/effect/app-runtime"
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ function skill(info: ToolProps<typeof SkillTool>) {
   })
 }
 
-function bash(info: ToolProps<typeof BashTool>) {
+function shell(info: ToolProps<typeof ShellTool>) {
   const output = info.part.state.status === "completed" ? info.part.state.output?.trim() : undefined
   block(
     {
@@ -202,11 +203,17 @@ function normalizePath(input?: string) {
   return input
 }
 
-export const RunCommand = cmd({
+export const RunCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "run [message..]",
   describe: "run opencode with a message",
-  builder: (yargs: Argv) => {
-    return yargs
+  // --attach connects to a remote server (no local instance needed); the
+  // default path runs an in-process server and needs the project instance.
+  instance: (args) => !args.attach,
+  // For --dir without --attach, load instance for the resolved target dir.
+  // The handler also chdirs (preserving the legacy order: chdir → file resolution).
+  directory: (args) => (args.dir && !args.attach ? path.resolve(process.cwd(), args.dir) : process.cwd()),
+  builder: (yargs: Argv) =>
+    yargs
       .positional("message", {
         describe: "message to send",
         type: "string",
@@ -290,291 +297,313 @@ export const RunCommand = cmd({
         type: "boolean",
         describe: "auto-approve permissions that are not explicitly denied (dangerous!)",
         default: false,
-      })
-  },
-  handler: async (args) => {
-    let message = [...args.message, ...(args["--"] || [])]
-      .map((arg) => (arg.includes(" ") ? `"${arg.replace(/"/g, '\\"')}"` : arg))
-      .join(" ")
+      }),
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.run")(function* (args) {
+    yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+      let message = [...args.message, ...(args["--"] || [])]
+        .map((arg) => (arg.includes(" ") ? `"${arg.replace(/"/g, '\\"')}"` : arg))
+        .join(" ")
 
-    const directory = (() => {
-      if (!args.dir) return undefined
-      if (args.attach) return args.dir
-      try {
-        process.chdir(args.dir)
-        return process.cwd()
-      } catch {
-        UI.error("Failed to change directory to " + args.dir)
-        process.exit(1)
-      }
-    })()
-
-    const files: { type: "file"; url: string; filename: string; mime: string }[] = []
-    if (args.file) {
-      const list = Array.isArray(args.file) ? args.file : [args.file]
-
-      for (const filePath of list) {
-        const resolvedPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), filePath)
-        if (!(await Filesystem.exists(resolvedPath))) {
-          UI.error(`File not found: ${filePath}`)
+      const directory = (() => {
+        if (!args.dir) return undefined
+        if (args.attach) return args.dir
+        try {
+          process.chdir(args.dir)
+          return process.cwd()
+        } catch {
+          UI.error("Failed to change directory to " + args.dir)
           process.exit(1)
         }
+      })()
 
-        const mime = (await Filesystem.isDir(resolvedPath)) ? "application/x-directory" : "text/plain"
+      const files: { type: "file"; url: string; filename: string; mime: string }[] = []
+      if (args.file) {
+        const list = Array.isArray(args.file) ? args.file : [args.file]
 
-        files.push({
-          type: "file",
-          url: pathToFileURL(resolvedPath).href,
-          filename: path.basename(resolvedPath),
-          mime,
-        })
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (!process.stdin.isTTY) message += "\n" + (await Bun.stdin.text())
-
-    if (message.trim().length === 0 && !args.command) {
-      UI.error("You must provide a message or a command")
-      process.exit(1)
-    }
-
-    if (args.fork && !args.continue && !args.session) {
-      UI.error("--fork requires --continue or --session")
-      process.exit(1)
-    }
-
-    const rules: Permission.Ruleset = [
-      {
-        permission: "question",
-        action: "deny",
-        pattern: "*",
-      },
-      {
-        permission: "plan_enter",
-        action: "deny",
-        pattern: "*",
-      },
-      {
-        permission: "plan_exit",
-        action: "deny",
-        pattern: "*",
-      },
-    ]
-
-    function title() {
-      if (args.title === undefined) return
-      if (args.title !== "") return args.title
-      return message.slice(0, 50) + (message.length > 50 ? "..." : "")
-    }
-
-    async function session(sdk: OpencodeClient) {
-      const baseID = args.continue ? (await sdk.session.list()).data?.find((s) => !s.parentID)?.id : args.session
-
-      if (baseID && args.fork) {
-        const forked = await sdk.session.fork({ sessionID: baseID })
-        return forked.data?.id
-      }
-
-      if (baseID) return baseID
-
-      const name = title()
-      const result = await sdk.session.create({ title: name, permission: rules })
-      return result.data?.id
-    }
-
-    async function share(sdk: OpencodeClient, sessionID: string) {
-      const cfg = await sdk.config.get()
-      if (!cfg.data) return
-      if (cfg.data.share !== "auto" && !Flag.OPENCODE_AUTO_SHARE && !args.share) return
-      const res = await sdk.session.share({ sessionID }).catch((error) => {
-        if (error instanceof Error && error.message.includes("disabled")) {
-          UI.println(UI.Style.TEXT_DANGER_BOLD + "!  " + error.message)
-        }
-        return { error }
-      })
-      if (!res.error && "data" in res && res.data?.share?.url) {
-        UI.println(UI.Style.TEXT_INFO_BOLD + "~  " + res.data.share.url)
-      }
-    }
-
-    async function execute(sdk: OpencodeClient) {
-      function tool(part: ToolPart) {
-        try {
-          if (part.tool === "bash") return bash(props<typeof BashTool>(part))
-          if (part.tool === "glob") return glob(props<typeof GlobTool>(part))
-          if (part.tool === "grep") return grep(props<typeof GrepTool>(part))
-          if (part.tool === "read") return read(props<typeof ReadTool>(part))
-          if (part.tool === "write") return write(props<typeof WriteTool>(part))
-          if (part.tool === "webfetch") return webfetch(props<typeof WebFetchTool>(part))
-          if (part.tool === "edit") return edit(props<typeof EditTool>(part))
-          if (part.tool === "websearch") return websearch(props<typeof WebSearchTool>(part))
-          if (part.tool === "task") return task(props<typeof TaskTool>(part))
-          if (part.tool === "todowrite") return todo(props<typeof TodoWriteTool>(part))
-          if (part.tool === "skill") return skill(props<typeof SkillTool>(part))
-          return fallback(part)
-        } catch {
-          return fallback(part)
-        }
-      }
-
-      function emit(type: string, data: Record<string, unknown>) {
-        if (args.format === "json") {
-          process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify({ type, timestamp: Date.now(), sessionID, ...data }) + EOL)
-          return true
-        }
-        return false
-      }
-
-      const events = await sdk.event.subscribe()
-      let error: string | undefined
-
-      async function loop() {
-        const toggles = new Map<string, boolean>()
-
-        for await (const event of events.stream) {
-          if (
-            event.type === "message.updated" &&
-            event.properties.info.role === "assistant" &&
-            args.format !== "json" &&
-            toggles.get("start") !== true
-          ) {
-            UI.empty()
-            UI.println(`> ${event.properties.info.agent} · ${event.properties.info.modelID}`)
-            UI.empty()
-            toggles.set("start", true)
+        for (const filePath of list) {
+          const resolvedPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), filePath)
+          if (!(await Filesystem.exists(resolvedPath))) {
+            UI.error(`File not found: ${filePath}`)
+            process.exit(1)
           }
 
-          if (event.type === "message.part.updated") {
-            const part = event.properties.part
-            if (part.sessionID !== sessionID) continue
+          const mime = (await Filesystem.isDir(resolvedPath)) ? "application/x-directory" : "text/plain"
 
-            if (part.type === "tool" && (part.state.status === "completed" || part.state.status === "error")) {
-              if (emit("tool_use", { part })) continue
-              if (part.state.status === "completed") {
-                tool(part)
-                continue
+          files.push({
+            type: "file",
+            url: pathToFileURL(resolvedPath).href,
+            filename: path.basename(resolvedPath),
+            mime,
+          })
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (!process.stdin.isTTY) message += "\n" + (await Bun.stdin.text())
+
+      if (message.trim().length === 0 && !args.command) {
+        UI.error("You must provide a message or a command")
+        process.exit(1)
+      }
+
+      if (args.fork && !args.continue && !args.session) {
+        UI.error("--fork requires --continue or --session")
+        process.exit(1)
+      }
+
+      const rules: Permission.Ruleset = [
+        {
+          permission: "question",
+          action: "deny",
+          pattern: "*",
+        },
+        {
+          permission: "plan_enter",
+          action: "deny",
+          pattern: "*",
+        },
+        {
+          permission: "plan_exit",
+          action: "deny",
+          pattern: "*",
+        },
+      ]
+
+      function title() {
+        if (args.title === undefined) return
+        if (args.title !== "") return args.title
+        return message.slice(0, 50) + (message.length > 50 ? "..." : "")
+      }
+
+      async function session(sdk: OpencodeClient) {
+        const baseID = args.continue ? (await sdk.session.list()).data?.find((s) => !s.parentID)?.id : args.session
+
+        if (baseID && args.fork) {
+          const forked = await sdk.session.fork({ sessionID: baseID })
+          return forked.data?.id
+        }
+
+        if (baseID) return baseID
+
+        const name = title()
+        const result = await sdk.session.create({ title: name, permission: rules })
+        return result.data?.id
+      }
+
+      async function share(sdk: OpencodeClient, sessionID: string) {
+        const cfg = await sdk.config.get()
+        if (!cfg.data) return
+        if (cfg.data.share !== "auto" && !Flag.OPENCODE_AUTO_SHARE && !args.share) return
+        const res = await sdk.session.share({ sessionID }).catch((error) => {
+          if (error instanceof Error && error.message.includes("disabled")) {
+            UI.println(UI.Style.TEXT_DANGER_BOLD + "!  " + error.message)
+          }
+          return { error }
+        })
+        if (!res.error && "data" in res && res.data?.share?.url) {
+          UI.println(UI.Style.TEXT_INFO_BOLD + "~  " + res.data.share.url)
+        }
+      }
+
+      async function execute(sdk: OpencodeClient) {
+        function tool(part: ToolPart) {
+          try {
+            if (part.tool === ShellID.ToolID) return shell(props<typeof ShellTool>(part))
+            if (part.tool === "glob") return glob(props<typeof GlobTool>(part))
+            if (part.tool === "grep") return grep(props<typeof GrepTool>(part))
+            if (part.tool === "read") return read(props<typeof ReadTool>(part))
+            if (part.tool === "write") return write(props<typeof WriteTool>(part))
+            if (part.tool === "webfetch") return webfetch(props<typeof WebFetchTool>(part))
+            if (part.tool === "edit") return edit(props<typeof EditTool>(part))
+            if (part.tool === "websearch") return websearch(props<typeof WebSearchTool>(part))
+            if (part.tool === "task") return task(props<typeof TaskTool>(part))
+            if (part.tool === "todowrite") return todo(props<typeof TodoWriteTool>(part))
+            if (part.tool === "skill") return skill(props<typeof SkillTool>(part))
+            return fallback(part)
+          } catch {
+            return fallback(part)
+          }
+        }
+
+        function emit(type: string, data: Record<string, unknown>) {
+          if (args.format === "json") {
+            process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify({ type, timestamp: Date.now(), sessionID, ...data }) + EOL)
+            return true
+          }
+          return false
+        }
+
+        const events = await sdk.event.subscribe()
+        let error: string | undefined
+
+        async function loop() {
+          const toggles = new Map<string, boolean>()
+
+          for await (const event of events.stream) {
+            if (
+              event.type === "message.updated" &&
+              event.properties.info.role === "assistant" &&
+              args.format !== "json" &&
+              toggles.get("start") !== true
+            ) {
+              UI.empty()
+              UI.println(`> ${event.properties.info.agent} · ${event.properties.info.modelID}`)
+              UI.empty()
+              toggles.set("start", true)
+            }
+
+            if (event.type === "message.part.updated") {
+              const part = event.properties.part
+              if (part.sessionID !== sessionID) continue
+
+              if (part.type === "tool" && (part.state.status === "completed" || part.state.status === "error")) {
+                if (emit("tool_use", { part })) continue
+                if (part.state.status === "completed") {
+                  tool(part)
+                  continue
+                }
+                inline({
+                  icon: "✗",
+                  title: `${part.tool} failed`,
+                })
+                UI.error(part.state.error)
               }
-              inline({
-                icon: "✗",
-                title: `${part.tool} failed`,
-              })
-              UI.error(part.state.error)
+
+              if (
+                part.type === "tool" &&
+                part.tool === "task" &&
+                part.state.status === "running" &&
+                args.format !== "json"
+              ) {
+                if (toggles.get(part.id) === true) continue
+                task(props<typeof TaskTool>(part))
+                toggles.set(part.id, true)
+              }
+
+              if (part.type === "step-start") {
+                if (emit("step_start", { part })) continue
+              }
+
+              if (part.type === "step-finish") {
+                if (emit("step_finish", { part })) continue
+              }
+
+              if (part.type === "text" && part.time?.end) {
+                if (emit("text", { part })) continue
+                const text = part.text.trim()
+                if (!text) continue
+                if (!process.stdout.isTTY) {
+                  process.stdout.write(text + EOL)
+                  continue
+                }
+                UI.empty()
+                UI.println(text)
+                UI.empty()
+              }
+
+              if (part.type === "reasoning" && part.time?.end && args.thinking) {
+                if (emit("reasoning", { part })) continue
+                const text = part.text.trim()
+                if (!text) continue
+                const line = `Thinking: ${text}`
+                if (process.stdout.isTTY) {
+                  UI.empty()
+                  UI.println(`${UI.Style.TEXT_DIM}\u001b[3m${line}\u001b[0m${UI.Style.TEXT_NORMAL}`)
+                  UI.empty()
+                  continue
+                }
+                process.stdout.write(line + EOL)
+              }
+            }
+
+            if (event.type === "session.error") {
+              const props = event.properties
+              if (props.sessionID !== sessionID || !props.error) continue
+              let err = String(props.error.name)
+              if ("data" in props.error && props.error.data && "message" in props.error.data) {
+                err = String(props.error.data.message)
+              }
+              error = error ? error + EOL + err : err
+              if (emit("error", { error: props.error })) continue
+              UI.error(err)
             }
 
             if (
-              part.type === "tool" &&
-              part.tool === "task" &&
-              part.state.status === "running" &&
-              args.format !== "json"
+              event.type === "session.status" &&
+              event.properties.sessionID === sessionID &&
+              event.properties.status.type === "idle"
             ) {
-              if (toggles.get(part.id) === true) continue
-              task(props<typeof TaskTool>(part))
-              toggles.set(part.id, true)
+              break
             }
 
-            if (part.type === "step-start") {
-              if (emit("step_start", { part })) continue
-            }
+            if (event.type === "permission.asked") {
+              const permission = event.properties
+              if (permission.sessionID !== sessionID) continue
 
-            if (part.type === "step-finish") {
-              if (emit("step_finish", { part })) continue
-            }
-
-            if (part.type === "text" && part.time?.end) {
-              if (emit("text", { part })) continue
-              const text = part.text.trim()
-              if (!text) continue
-              if (!process.stdout.isTTY) {
-                process.stdout.write(text + EOL)
-                continue
+              if (args["dangerously-skip-permissions"]) {
+                await sdk.permission.reply({
+                  requestID: permission.id,
+                  reply: "once",
+                })
+              } else {
+                UI.println(
+                  UI.Style.TEXT_WARNING_BOLD + "!",
+                  UI.Style.TEXT_NORMAL +
+                    `permission requested: ${permission.permission} (${permission.patterns.join(", ")}); auto-rejecting`,
+                )
+                await sdk.permission.reply({
+                  requestID: permission.id,
+                  reply: "reject",
+                })
               }
-              UI.empty()
-              UI.println(text)
-              UI.empty()
-            }
-
-            if (part.type === "reasoning" && part.time?.end && args.thinking) {
-              if (emit("reasoning", { part })) continue
-              const text = part.text.trim()
-              if (!text) continue
-              const line = `Thinking: ${text}`
-              if (process.stdout.isTTY) {
-                UI.empty()
-                UI.println(`${UI.Style.TEXT_DIM}\u001b[3m${line}\u001b[0m${UI.Style.TEXT_NORMAL}`)
-                UI.empty()
-                continue
-              }
-              process.stdout.write(line + EOL)
-            }
-          }
-
-          if (event.type === "session.error") {
-            const props = event.properties
-            if (props.sessionID !== sessionID || !props.error) continue
-            let err = String(props.error.name)
-            if ("data" in props.error && props.error.data && "message" in props.error.data) {
-              err = String(props.error.data.message)
-            }
-            error = error ? error + EOL + err : err
-            if (emit("error", { error: props.error })) continue
-            UI.error(err)
-          }
-
-          if (
-            event.type === "session.status" &&
-            event.properties.sessionID === sessionID &&
-            event.properties.status.type === "idle"
-          ) {
-            break
-          }
-
-          if (event.type === "permission.asked") {
-            const permission = event.properties
-            if (permission.sessionID !== sessionID) continue
-
-            if (args["dangerously-skip-permissions"]) {
-              await sdk.permission.reply({
-                requestID: permission.id,
-                reply: "once",
-              })
-            } else {
-              UI.println(
-                UI.Style.TEXT_WARNING_BOLD + "!",
-                UI.Style.TEXT_NORMAL +
-                  `permission requested: ${permission.permission} (${permission.patterns.join(", ")}); auto-rejecting`,
-              )
-              await sdk.permission.reply({
-                requestID: permission.id,
-                reply: "reject",
-              })
             }
           }
         }
-      }
 
-      // Validate agent if specified
-      const agent = await (async () => {
-        if (!args.agent) return undefined
-        const name = args.agent
+        // Validate agent if specified
+        const agent = await (async () => {
+          if (!args.agent) return undefined
+          const name = args.agent
 
-        // When attaching, validate against the running server instead of local Instance state.
-        if (args.attach) {
-          const modes = await sdk.app
-            .agents(undefined, { throwOnError: true })
-            .then((x) => x.data ?? [])
-            .catch(() => undefined)
+          // When attaching, validate against the running server instead of local Instance state.
+          if (args.attach) {
+            const modes = await sdk.app
+              .agents(undefined, { throwOnError: true })
+              .then((x) => x.data ?? [])
+              .catch(() => undefined)
 
-          if (!modes) {
-            UI.println(
-              UI.Style.TEXT_WARNING_BOLD + "!",
-              UI.Style.TEXT_NORMAL,
-              `failed to list agents from ${args.attach}. Falling back to default agent`,
-            )
-            return undefined
+            if (!modes) {
+              UI.println(
+                UI.Style.TEXT_WARNING_BOLD + "!",
+                UI.Style.TEXT_NORMAL,
+                `failed to list agents from ${args.attach}. Falling back to default agent`,
+              )
+              return undefined
+            }
+
+            const agent = modes.find((a) => a.name === name)
+            if (!agent) {
+              UI.println(
+                UI.Style.TEXT_WARNING_BOLD + "!",
+                UI.Style.TEXT_NORMAL,
+                `agent "${name}" not found. Falling back to default agent`,
+              )
+              return undefined
+            }
+
+            if (agent.mode === "subagent") {
+              UI.println(
+                UI.Style.TEXT_WARNING_BOLD + "!",
+                UI.Style.TEXT_NORMAL,
+                `agent "${name}" is a subagent, not a primary agent. Falling back to default agent`,
+              )
+              return undefined
+            }
+
+            return name
           }
 
-          const agent = modes.find((a) => a.name === name)
-          if (!agent) {
+          const entry = await AppRuntime.runPromise(Agent.Service.use((svc) => svc.get(name)))
+          if (!entry) {
             UI.println(
               UI.Style.TEXT_WARNING_BOLD + "!",
               UI.Style.TEXT_NORMAL,
@@ -582,8 +611,7 @@ export const RunCommand = cmd({
             )
             return undefined
           }
-
-          if (agent.mode === "subagent") {
+          if (entry.mode === "subagent") {
             UI.println(
               UI.Style.TEXT_WARNING_BOLD + "!",
               UI.Style.TEXT_NORMAL,
@@ -591,76 +619,54 @@ export const RunCommand = cmd({
             )
             return undefined
           }
-
           return name
+        })()
+
+        const sessionID = await session(sdk)
+        if (!sessionID) {
+          UI.error("Session not found")
+          process.exit(1)
         }
+        await share(sdk, sessionID)
 
-        const entry = await AppRuntime.runPromise(Agent.Service.use((svc) => svc.get(name)))
-        if (!entry) {
-          UI.println(
-            UI.Style.TEXT_WARNING_BOLD + "!",
-            UI.Style.TEXT_NORMAL,
-            `agent "${name}" not found. Falling back to default agent`,
-          )
-          return undefined
-        }
-        if (entry.mode === "subagent") {
-          UI.println(
-            UI.Style.TEXT_WARNING_BOLD + "!",
-            UI.Style.TEXT_NORMAL,
-            `agent "${name}" is a subagent, not a primary agent. Falling back to default agent`,
-          )
-          return undefined
-        }
-        return name
-      })()
-
-      const sessionID = await session(sdk)
-      if (!sessionID) {
-        UI.error("Session not found")
-        process.exit(1)
-      }
-      await share(sdk, sessionID)
-
-      loop().catch((e) => {
-        console.error(e)
-        process.exit(1)
-      })
-
-      if (args.command) {
-        await sdk.session.command({
-          sessionID,
-          agent,
-          model: args.model,
-          command: args.command,
-          arguments: message,
-          variant: args.variant,
-        })
-      } else {
-        const model = args.model ? Provider.parseModel(args.model) : undefined
-        await sdk.session.prompt({
-          sessionID,
-          agent,
-          model,
-          variant: args.variant,
-          parts: [...files, { type: "text", text: message }],
+        loop().catch((e) => {
+          console.error(e)
+          process.exit(1)
         })
+
+        if (args.command) {
+          await sdk.session.command({
+            sessionID,
+            agent,
+            model: args.model,
+            command: args.command,
+            arguments: message,
+            variant: args.variant,
+          })
+        } else {
+          const model = args.model ? Provider.parseModel(args.model) : undefined
+          await sdk.session.prompt({
+            sessionID,
+            agent,
+            model,
+            variant: args.variant,
+            parts: [...files, { type: "text", text: message }],
+          })
+        }
       }
-    }
 
-    if (args.attach) {
-      const headers = (() => {
-        const password = args.password ?? process.env.OPENCODE_SERVER_PASSWORD
-        if (!password) return undefined
-        const username = process.env.OPENCODE_SERVER_USERNAME ?? "opencode"
-        const auth = `Basic ${Buffer.from(`${username}:${password}`).toString("base64")}`
-        return { Authorization: auth }
-      })()
-      const sdk = createOpencodeClient({ baseUrl: args.attach, directory, headers })
-      return await execute(sdk)
-    }
+      if (args.attach) {
+        const headers = (() => {
+          const password = args.password ?? process.env.OPENCODE_SERVER_PASSWORD
+          if (!password) return undefined
+          const username = process.env.OPENCODE_SERVER_USERNAME ?? "opencode"
+          const auth = `Basic ${Buffer.from(`${username}:${password}`).toString("base64")}`
+          return { Authorization: auth }
+        })()
+        const sdk = createOpencodeClient({ baseUrl: args.attach, directory, headers })
+        return await execute(sdk)
+      }
 
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
       const fetchFn = (async (input: RequestInfo | URL, init?: RequestInit) => {
         const request = new Request(input, init)
         return Server.Default().app.fetch(request)
@@ -668,5 +674,5 @@ export const RunCommand = cmd({
       const sdk = createOpencodeClient({ baseUrl: "http://opencode.internal", fetch: fetchFn })
       await execute(sdk)
     })
-  },
+  }),
 })

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/serve.ts

@@ -1,21 +1,24 @@
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Server } from "../../server/server"
-import { cmd } from "./cmd"
+import { effectCmd } from "../effect-cmd"
 import { withNetworkOptions, resolveNetworkOptions } from "../network"
 import { Flag } from "@opencode-ai/core/flag/flag"
 
-export const ServeCommand = cmd({
+export const ServeCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "serve",
   builder: (yargs) => withNetworkOptions(yargs),
   describe: "starts a headless opencode server",
-  handler: async (args) => {
+  // Server loads instances per-request via x-opencode-directory header — no
+  // need for an ambient project InstanceContext at startup.
+  instance: false,
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.serve")(function* (args) {
     if (!Flag.OPENCODE_SERVER_PASSWORD) {
       console.log("Warning: OPENCODE_SERVER_PASSWORD is not set; server is unsecured.")
     }
-    const opts = await resolveNetworkOptions(args)
-    const server = await Server.listen(opts)
+    const opts = yield* Effect.promise(() => resolveNetworkOptions(args))
+    const server = yield* Effect.promise(() => Server.listen(opts))
     console.log(`opencode server listening on http://${server.hostname}:${server.port}`)
 
-    await new Promise(() => {})
-    await server.stop()
-  },
+    yield* Effect.never
+  }),
 })

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/session.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import type { Argv } from "yargs"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { cmd } from "./cmd"
+import { effectCmd, fail } from "../effect-cmd"
 import { Session } from "@/session/session"
 import { SessionID } from "../../session/schema"
-import { bootstrap } from "../bootstrap"
 import { UI } from "../ui"
 import { Locale } from "@/util/locale"
 import { Flag } from "@opencode-ai/core/flag/flag"
@@ -11,7 +12,6 @@ import { Process } from "@/util/process"
 import { EOL } from "os"
 import path from "path"
 import { which } from "../../util/which"
-import { AppRuntime } from "@/effect/app-runtime"
 
 function pagerCmd(): string[] {
   const lessOptions = ["-R", "-S"]
@@ -47,36 +47,30 @@ export const SessionCommand = cmd({
   async handler() {},
 })
 
-export const SessionDeleteCommand = cmd({
+export const SessionDeleteCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "delete <sessionID>",
   describe: "delete a session",
-  builder: (yargs: Argv) => {
-    return yargs.positional("sessionID", {
+  builder: (yargs) =>
+    yargs.positional("sessionID", {
       describe: "session ID to delete",
       type: "string",
       demandOption: true,
-    })
-  },
-  handler: async (args) => {
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-      const sessionID = SessionID.make(args.sessionID)
-      try {
-        await AppRuntime.runPromise(Session.Service.use((svc) => svc.get(sessionID)))
-      } catch {
-        UI.error(`Session not found: ${args.sessionID}`)
-        process.exit(1)
-      }
-      await AppRuntime.runPromise(Session.Service.use((svc) => svc.remove(sessionID)))
-      UI.println(UI.Style.TEXT_SUCCESS_BOLD + `Session ${args.sessionID} deleted` + UI.Style.TEXT_NORMAL)
-    })
-  },
+    }),
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.session.delete")(function* (args) {
+    const svc = yield* Session.Service
+    const sessionID = SessionID.make(args.sessionID)
+    // Match legacy try/catch — Session.get surfaces NotFoundError as a defect.
+    yield* svc.get(sessionID).pipe(Effect.catchCause(() => fail(`Session not found: ${args.sessionID}`)))
+    yield* svc.remove(sessionID)
+    UI.println(UI.Style.TEXT_SUCCESS_BOLD + `Session ${args.sessionID} deleted` + UI.Style.TEXT_NORMAL)
+  }),
 })
 
-export const SessionListCommand = cmd({
+export const SessionListCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "list",
   describe: "list sessions",
-  builder: (yargs: Argv) => {
-    return yargs
+  builder: (yargs) =>
+    yargs
       .option("max-count", {
         alias: "n",
         describe: "limit to N most recent sessions",
@@ -87,28 +81,18 @@ export const SessionListCommand = cmd({
         type: "string",
         choices: ["table", "json"],
         default: "table",
-      })
-  },
-  handler: async (args) => {
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-      const sessions = await AppRuntime.runPromise(
-        Session.Service.use((svc) => svc.list({ roots: true, limit: args.maxCount })),
-      )
+      }),
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.session.list")(function* (args) {
+    const sessions = yield* Session.Service.use((svc) => svc.list({ roots: true, limit: args.maxCount }))
 
-      if (sessions.length === 0) {
-        return
-      }
+    if (sessions.length === 0) return
 
-      let output: string
-      if (args.format === "json") {
-        output = formatSessionJSON(sessions)
-      } else {
-        output = formatSessionTable(sessions)
-      }
+    const output = args.format === "json" ? formatSessionJSON(sessions) : formatSessionTable(sessions)
 
-      const shouldPaginate = process.stdout.isTTY && !args.maxCount && args.format === "table"
+    const shouldPaginate = process.stdout.isTTY && !args.maxCount && args.format === "table"
 
-      if (shouldPaginate) {
+    if (shouldPaginate) {
+      yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
         const proc = Process.spawn(pagerCmd(), {
           stdin: "pipe",
           stdout: "inherit",
@@ -123,11 +107,11 @@ export const SessionListCommand = cmd({
         proc.stdin.write(output)
         proc.stdin.end()
         await proc.exited
-      } else {
-        console.log(output)
-      }
-    })
-  },
+      })
+    } else {
+      console.log(output)
+    }
+  }),
 })
 
 function formatSessionTable(sessions: Session.Info[]): string {

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/stats.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-import type { Argv } from "yargs"
-import { cmd } from "./cmd"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { effectCmd } from "../effect-cmd"
 import { Session } from "@/session/session"
-import { bootstrap } from "../bootstrap"
 import { Database } from "@/storage/db"
 import { SessionTable } from "../../session/session.sql"
 import { Project } from "@/project/project"
-import { Instance } from "../../project/instance"
-import { AppRuntime } from "@/effect/app-runtime"
+import { InstanceRef } from "@/effect/instance-ref"
 
 interface SessionStats {
   totalSessions: number
@@ -47,11 +45,11 @@ interface SessionStats {
   medianTokensPerSession: number
 }
 
-export const StatsCommand = cmd({
+export const StatsCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "stats",
   describe: "show token usage and cost statistics",
-  builder: (yargs: Argv) => {
-    return yargs
+  builder: (yargs) =>
+    yargs
       .option("days", {
         describe: "show stats for the last N days (default: all time)",
         type: "number",
@@ -66,35 +64,32 @@ export const StatsCommand = cmd({
       .option("project", {
         describe: "filter by project (default: all projects, empty string: current project)",
         type: "string",
-      })
-  },
-  handler: async (args) => {
-    await bootstrap(process.cwd(), async () => {
-      const stats = await aggregateSessionStats(args.days, args.project)
-
-      let modelLimit: number | undefined
-      if (args.models === true) {
-        modelLimit = Infinity
-      } else if (typeof args.models === "number") {
-        modelLimit = args.models
-      }
-
-      displayStats(stats, args.tools, modelLimit)
-    })
-  },
+      }),
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.stats")(function* (args) {
+    const ctx = yield* InstanceRef
+    if (!ctx) return
+    const stats = yield* aggregateSessionStats(args.days, args.project, ctx.project)
+    let modelLimit: number | undefined
+    if (args.models === true) {
+      modelLimit = Infinity
+    } else if (typeof args.models === "number") {
+      modelLimit = args.models
+    }
+    displayStats(stats, args.tools, modelLimit)
+  }),
 })
 
-async function getCurrentProject(): Promise<Project.Info> {
-  return Instance.project
-}
+const getAllSessions = Effect.sync(() =>
+  Database.use((db) => db.select().from(SessionTable).all()).map((row) => Session.fromRow(row)),
+)
 
-async function getAllSessions(): Promise<Session.Info[]> {
-  const rows = Database.use((db) => db.select().from(SessionTable).all())
-  return rows.map((row) => Session.fromRow(row))
-}
-
-export async function aggregateSessionStats(days?: number, projectFilter?: string): Promise<SessionStats> {
-  const sessions = await getAllSessions()
+const aggregateSessionStats = Effect.fn("Cli.stats.aggregate")(function* (
+  days?: number,
+  projectFilter?: string,
+  currentProject?: Project.Info,
+) {
+  const svc = yield* Session.Service
+  const sessions = yield* getAllSessions
   const MS_IN_DAY = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
 
   const cutoffTime = (() => {
@@ -117,7 +112,7 @@ export async function aggregateSessionStats(days?: number, projectFilter?: strin
 
   if (projectFilter !== undefined) {
     if (projectFilter === "") {
-      const currentProject = await getCurrentProject()
+      if (!currentProject) throw new Error("currentProject required when projectFilter is empty string")
       filteredSessions = filteredSessions.filter((session) => session.projectID === currentProject.id)
     } else {
       filteredSessions = filteredSessions.filter((session) => session.projectID === projectFilter)
@@ -163,122 +158,111 @@ export async function aggregateSessionStats(days?: number, projectFilter?: strin
 
   const sessionTotalTokens: number[] = []
 
-  const BATCH_SIZE = 20
-  for (let i = 0; i < filteredSessions.length; i += BATCH_SIZE) {
-    const batch = filteredSessions.slice(i, i + BATCH_SIZE)
+  const results = yield* Effect.forEach(
+    filteredSessions,
+    (session) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const messages = yield* svc.messages({ sessionID: session.id })
 
-    const batchPromises = batch.map(async (session) => {
-      const messages = await AppRuntime.runPromise(
-        Session.Service.use((svc) => svc.messages({ sessionID: session.id })),
-      )
+        let sessionCost = 0
+        let sessionTokens = { input: 0, output: 0, reasoning: 0, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } }
+        let sessionToolUsage: Record<string, number> = {}
+        let sessionModelUsage: Record<
+          string,
+          {
+            messages: number
+            tokens: { input: number; output: number; cache: { read: number; write: number } }
+            cost: number
+          }
+        > = {}
 
-      let sessionCost = 0
-      let sessionTokens = { input: 0, output: 0, reasoning: 0, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } }
-      let sessionToolUsage: Record<string, number> = {}
-      let sessionModelUsage: Record<
-        string,
-        {
-          messages: number
-          tokens: {
-            input: number
-            output: number
-            cache: {
-              read: number
-              write: number
+        for (const message of messages) {
+          if (message.info.role === "assistant") {
+            sessionCost += message.info.cost || 0
+
+            const modelKey = `${message.info.providerID}/${message.info.modelID}`
+            if (!sessionModelUsage[modelKey]) {
+              sessionModelUsage[modelKey] = {
+                messages: 0,
+                tokens: { input: 0, output: 0, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } },
+                cost: 0,
+              }
+            }
+            sessionModelUsage[modelKey].messages++
+            sessionModelUsage[modelKey].cost += message.info.cost || 0
+
+            if (message.info.tokens) {
+              sessionTokens.input += message.info.tokens.input || 0
+              sessionTokens.output += message.info.tokens.output || 0
+              sessionTokens.reasoning += message.info.tokens.reasoning || 0
+              sessionTokens.cache.read += message.info.tokens.cache?.read || 0
+              sessionTokens.cache.write += message.info.tokens.cache?.write || 0
+
+              sessionModelUsage[modelKey].tokens.input += message.info.tokens.input || 0
+              sessionModelUsage[modelKey].tokens.output +=
+                (message.info.tokens.output || 0) + (message.info.tokens.reasoning || 0)
+              sessionModelUsage[modelKey].tokens.cache.read += message.info.tokens.cache?.read || 0
+              sessionModelUsage[modelKey].tokens.cache.write += message.info.tokens.cache?.write || 0
             }
           }
-          cost: number
-        }
-      > = {}
 
-      for (const message of messages) {
-        if (message.info.role === "assistant") {
-          sessionCost += message.info.cost || 0
-
-          const modelKey = `${message.info.providerID}/${message.info.modelID}`
-          if (!sessionModelUsage[modelKey]) {
-            sessionModelUsage[modelKey] = {
-              messages: 0,
-              tokens: { input: 0, output: 0, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } },
-              cost: 0,
+          for (const part of message.parts) {
+            if (part.type === "tool" && part.tool) {
+              sessionToolUsage[part.tool] = (sessionToolUsage[part.tool] || 0) + 1
             }
           }
-          sessionModelUsage[modelKey].messages++
-          sessionModelUsage[modelKey].cost += message.info.cost || 0
-
-          if (message.info.tokens) {
-            sessionTokens.input += message.info.tokens.input || 0
-            sessionTokens.output += message.info.tokens.output || 0
-            sessionTokens.reasoning += message.info.tokens.reasoning || 0
-            sessionTokens.cache.read += message.info.tokens.cache?.read || 0
-            sessionTokens.cache.write += message.info.tokens.cache?.write || 0
-
-            sessionModelUsage[modelKey].tokens.input += message.info.tokens.input || 0
-            sessionModelUsage[modelKey].tokens.output +=
-              (message.info.tokens.output || 0) + (message.info.tokens.reasoning || 0)
-            sessionModelUsage[modelKey].tokens.cache.read += message.info.tokens.cache?.read || 0
-            sessionModelUsage[modelKey].tokens.cache.write += message.info.tokens.cache?.write || 0
-          }
         }
 
-        for (const part of message.parts) {
-          if (part.type === "tool" && part.tool) {
-            sessionToolUsage[part.tool] = (sessionToolUsage[part.tool] || 0) + 1
-          }
+        return {
+          messageCount: messages.length,
+          sessionCost,
+          sessionTokens,
+          sessionTotalTokens:
+            sessionTokens.input +
+            sessionTokens.output +
+            sessionTokens.reasoning +
+            sessionTokens.cache.read +
+            sessionTokens.cache.write,
+          sessionToolUsage,
+          sessionModelUsage,
+          earliestTime: cutoffTime > 0 ? session.time.updated : session.time.created,
+          latestTime: session.time.updated,
+        }
+      }),
+    { concurrency: 20 },
+  )
+
+  for (const result of results) {
+    earliestTime = Math.min(earliestTime, result.earliestTime)
+    latestTime = Math.max(latestTime, result.latestTime)
+    sessionTotalTokens.push(result.sessionTotalTokens)
+
+    stats.totalMessages += result.messageCount
+    stats.totalCost += result.sessionCost
+    stats.totalTokens.input += result.sessionTokens.input
+    stats.totalTokens.output += result.sessionTokens.output
+    stats.totalTokens.reasoning += result.sessionTokens.reasoning
+    stats.totalTokens.cache.read += result.sessionTokens.cache.read
+    stats.totalTokens.cache.write += result.sessionTokens.cache.write
+
+    for (const [tool, count] of Object.entries(result.sessionToolUsage)) {
+      stats.toolUsage[tool] = (stats.toolUsage[tool] || 0) + count
+    }
+
+    for (const [model, usage] of Object.entries(result.sessionModelUsage)) {
+      if (!stats.modelUsage[model]) {
+        stats.modelUsage[model] = {
+          messages: 0,
+          tokens: { input: 0, output: 0, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } },
+          cost: 0,
         }
       }
-
-      return {
-        messageCount: messages.length,
-        sessionCost,
-        sessionTokens,
-        sessionTotalTokens:
-          sessionTokens.input +
-          sessionTokens.output +
-          sessionTokens.reasoning +
-          sessionTokens.cache.read +
-          sessionTokens.cache.write,
-        sessionToolUsage,
-        sessionModelUsage,
-        earliestTime: cutoffTime > 0 ? session.time.updated : session.time.created,
-        latestTime: session.time.updated,
-      }
-    })
-
-    const batchResults = await Promise.all(batchPromises)
-
-    for (const result of batchResults) {
-      earliestTime = Math.min(earliestTime, result.earliestTime)
-      latestTime = Math.max(latestTime, result.latestTime)
-      sessionTotalTokens.push(result.sessionTotalTokens)
-
-      stats.totalMessages += result.messageCount
-      stats.totalCost += result.sessionCost
-      stats.totalTokens.input += result.sessionTokens.input
-      stats.totalTokens.output += result.sessionTokens.output
-      stats.totalTokens.reasoning += result.sessionTokens.reasoning
-      stats.totalTokens.cache.read += result.sessionTokens.cache.read
-      stats.totalTokens.cache.write += result.sessionTokens.cache.write
-
-      for (const [tool, count] of Object.entries(result.sessionToolUsage)) {
-        stats.toolUsage[tool] = (stats.toolUsage[tool] || 0) + count
-      }
-
-      for (const [model, usage] of Object.entries(result.sessionModelUsage)) {
-        if (!stats.modelUsage[model]) {
-          stats.modelUsage[model] = {
-            messages: 0,
-            tokens: { input: 0, output: 0, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } },
-            cost: 0,
-          }
-        }
-        stats.modelUsage[model].messages += usage.messages
-        stats.modelUsage[model].tokens.input += usage.tokens.input
-        stats.modelUsage[model].tokens.output += usage.tokens.output
-        stats.modelUsage[model].tokens.cache.read += usage.tokens.cache.read
-        stats.modelUsage[model].tokens.cache.write += usage.tokens.cache.write
-        stats.modelUsage[model].cost += usage.cost
-      }
+      stats.modelUsage[model].messages += usage.messages
+      stats.modelUsage[model].tokens.input += usage.tokens.input
+      stats.modelUsage[model].tokens.output += usage.tokens.output
+      stats.modelUsage[model].tokens.cache.read += usage.tokens.cache.read
+      stats.modelUsage[model].tokens.cache.write += usage.tokens.cache.write
+      stats.modelUsage[model].cost += usage.cost
     }
   }
 
@@ -307,7 +291,7 @@ export async function aggregateSessionStats(days?: number, projectFilter?: strin
         : sessionTotalTokens[mid]
 
   return stats
-}
+})
 
 export function displayStats(stats: SessionStats, toolLimit?: number, modelLimit?: number) {
   const width = 56

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui/app.tsx

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import { useEvent } from "@tui/context/event"
 import { SDKProvider, useSDK } from "@tui/context/sdk"
 import { StartupLoading } from "@tui/component/startup-loading"
 import { SyncProvider, useSync } from "@tui/context/sync"
+import { SyncProviderV2 } from "@tui/context/sync-v2"
 import { LocalProvider, useLocal } from "@tui/context/local"
 import { DialogModel } from "@tui/component/dialog-model"
 import { useConnected } from "@tui/component/use-connected"
@@ -168,27 +169,29 @@ export function tui(input: {
                       >
                         <ProjectProvider>
                           <SyncProvider>
-                            <ThemeProvider mode={mode}>
-                              <LocalProvider>
-                                <KeybindProvider>
-                                  <PromptStashProvider>
-                                    <DialogProvider>
-                                      <CommandProvider>
-                                        <FrecencyProvider>
-                                          <PromptHistoryProvider>
-                                            <PromptRefProvider>
-                                              <EditorContextProvider>
-                                                <App onSnapshot={input.onSnapshot} />
-                                              </EditorContextProvider>
-                                            </PromptRefProvider>
-                                          </PromptHistoryProvider>
-                                        </FrecencyProvider>
-                                      </CommandProvider>
-                                    </DialogProvider>
-                                  </PromptStashProvider>
-                                </KeybindProvider>
-                              </LocalProvider>
-                            </ThemeProvider>
+                            <SyncProviderV2>
+                              <ThemeProvider mode={mode}>
+                                <LocalProvider>
+                                  <KeybindProvider>
+                                    <PromptStashProvider>
+                                      <DialogProvider>
+                                        <CommandProvider>
+                                          <FrecencyProvider>
+                                            <PromptHistoryProvider>
+                                              <PromptRefProvider>
+                                                <EditorContextProvider>
+                                                  <App onSnapshot={input.onSnapshot} />
+                                                </EditorContextProvider>
+                                              </PromptRefProvider>
+                                            </PromptHistoryProvider>
+                                          </FrecencyProvider>
+                                        </CommandProvider>
+                                      </DialogProvider>
+                                    </PromptStashProvider>
+                                  </KeybindProvider>
+                                </LocalProvider>
+                              </ThemeProvider>
+                            </SyncProviderV2>
                           </SyncProvider>
                         </ProjectProvider>
                       </SDKProvider>

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui/component/prompt/index.tsx

@@ -750,9 +750,18 @@ export function Prompt(props: PromptProps) {
       return false
     }
 
+    const variant = local.model.variant.current()
     let sessionID = props.sessionID
     if (sessionID == null) {
-      const res = await sdk.client.session.create({ workspace: props.workspaceID })
+      const res = await sdk.client.session.create({
+        workspace: props.workspaceID,
+        agent: agent.name,
+        model: {
+          providerID: selectedModel.providerID,
+          id: selectedModel.modelID,
+          variant,
+        },
+      })
 
       if (res.error) {
         console.log("Creating a session failed:", res.error)
@@ -792,7 +801,6 @@ export function Prompt(props: PromptProps) {
 
     // Capture mode before it gets reset
     const currentMode = store.mode
-    const variant = local.model.variant.current()
     const editorSelection = editorContext()
     const currentEditorSelectionKey = editorSelectionKey(editorSelection)
     const editorParts =

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui/context/sync-v2.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+import { useEvent } from "@tui/context/event"
+import type {
+  SessionMessage,
+  SessionMessageAssistant,
+  SessionMessageAssistantReasoning,
+  SessionMessageAssistantText,
+  SessionMessageAssistantTool,
+} from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2"
+import { createStore, produce, reconcile } from "solid-js/store"
+import { createSimpleContext } from "./helper"
+import { useSDK } from "./sdk"
+
+function activeAssistant(messages: SessionMessage[]) {
+  const index = messages.findLastIndex((message) => message.type === "assistant" && !message.time.completed)
+  if (index < 0) return
+  const assistant = messages[index]
+  return assistant?.type === "assistant" ? assistant : undefined
+}
+
+function activeCompaction(messages: SessionMessage[]) {
+  const index = messages.findLastIndex((message) => message.type === "compaction")
+  if (index < 0) return
+  const compaction = messages[index]
+  return compaction?.type === "compaction" ? compaction : undefined
+}
+
+function activeShell(messages: SessionMessage[], callID: string) {
+  const index = messages.findLastIndex((message) => message.type === "shell" && message.callID === callID)
+  if (index < 0) return
+  const shell = messages[index]
+  return shell?.type === "shell" ? shell : undefined
+}
+
+function latestTool(assistant: SessionMessageAssistant | undefined, callID?: string) {
+  return assistant?.content.findLast(
+    (item): item is SessionMessageAssistantTool => item.type === "tool" && (callID === undefined || item.id === callID),
+  )
+}
+
+function latestText(assistant: SessionMessageAssistant | undefined) {
+  return assistant?.content.findLast((item): item is SessionMessageAssistantText => item.type === "text")
+}
+
+function latestReasoning(assistant: SessionMessageAssistant | undefined, reasoningID: string) {
+  return assistant?.content.findLast(
+    (item): item is SessionMessageAssistantReasoning => item.type === "reasoning" && item.id === reasoningID,
+  )
+}
+
+export const { use: useSyncV2, provider: SyncProviderV2 } = createSimpleContext({
+  name: "SyncV2",
+  init: () => {
+    const [store, setStore] = createStore<{
+      messages: {
+        [sessionID: string]: SessionMessage[]
+      }
+    }>({
+      messages: {},
+    })
+
+    const event = useEvent()
+    const sdk = useSDK()
+
+    function update(sessionID: string, fn: (messages: SessionMessage[]) => void) {
+      setStore(
+        "messages",
+        produce((draft) => {
+          fn((draft[sessionID] ??= []))
+        }),
+      )
+    }
+
+    event.subscribe((event) => {
+      switch (event.type) {
+        case "session.next.prompted": {
+          update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            draft.push({
+              id: event.id,
+              type: "user",
+              text: event.properties.prompt.text,
+              files: event.properties.prompt.files,
+              agents: event.properties.prompt.agents,
+              time: { created: event.properties.timestamp },
+            })
+          })
+          break
+        }
+        case "session.next.synthetic":
+          update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            draft.push({
+              id: event.id,
+              type: "synthetic",
+              sessionID: event.properties.sessionID,
+              text: event.properties.text,
+              time: { created: event.properties.timestamp },
+            })
+          })
+          break
+        case "session.next.shell.started":
+          update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            draft.push({
+              id: event.id,
+              type: "shell",
+              callID: event.properties.callID,
+              command: event.properties.command,
+              output: "",
+              time: { created: event.properties.timestamp },
+            })
+          })
+          break
+        case "session.next.shell.ended":
+          update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const match = activeShell(draft, event.properties.callID)
+            if (!match) return
+            match.output = event.properties.output
+            match.time.completed = event.properties.timestamp
+          })
+          break
+        case "session.next.step.started":
+          update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const currentAssistant = activeAssistant(draft)
+            if (currentAssistant) currentAssistant.time.completed = event.properties.timestamp
+            draft.push({
+              id: event.id,
+              type: "assistant",
+              agent: event.properties.agent,
+              model: event.properties.model,
+              content: [],
+              snapshot: event.properties.snapshot ? { start: event.properties.snapshot } : undefined,
+              time: { created: event.properties.timestamp },
+            })
+          })
+          break
+        case "session.next.step.ended":
+          update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const currentAssistant = activeAssistant(draft)
+            if (!currentAssistant) return
+            currentAssistant.time.completed = event.properties.timestamp
+            currentAssistant.finish = event.properties.finish
+            currentAssistant.cost = event.properties.cost
+            currentAssistant.tokens = event.properties.tokens
+            if (event.properties.snapshot)
+              currentAssistant.snapshot = { ...currentAssistant.snapshot, end: event.properties.snapshot }
+          })
+          break
+        case "session.next.text.started":
+          update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            activeAssistant(draft)?.content.push({ type: "text", text: "" })
+          })
+          break
+        case "session.next.text.delta":
+          update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const match = latestText(activeAssistant(draft))
+            if (match) match.text += event.properties.delta
+          })
+          break
+        case "session.next.text.ended":
+          update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const match = latestText(activeAssistant(draft))
+            if (match) match.text = event.properties.text
+          })
+          break
+        case "session.next.tool.input.started":
+          update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            activeAssistant(draft)?.content.push({
+              type: "tool",
+              id: event.properties.callID,
+              name: event.properties.name,
+              time: { created: event.properties.timestamp },
+              state: { status: "pending", input: "" },
+            })
+          })
+          break
+        case "session.next.tool.input.delta":
+          update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const match = latestTool(activeAssistant(draft), event.properties.callID)
+            if (match?.state.status === "pending") match.state.input += event.properties.delta
+          })
+          break
+        case "session.next.tool.input.ended":
+          break
+        case "session.next.tool.called":
+          update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const match = latestTool(activeAssistant(draft), event.properties.callID)
+            if (!match) return
+            match.time.ran = event.properties.timestamp
+            match.provider = event.properties.provider
+            match.state = { status: "running", input: event.properties.input, structured: {}, content: [] }
+          })
+          break
+        case "session.next.tool.progress":
+          update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const match = latestTool(activeAssistant(draft), event.properties.callID)
+            if (match?.state.status !== "running") return
+            match.state.structured = event.properties.structured
+            match.state.content = [...event.properties.content]
+          })
+          break
+        case "session.next.tool.success":
+          update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const match = latestTool(activeAssistant(draft), event.properties.callID)
+            if (match?.state.status !== "running") return
+            match.state = {
+              status: "completed",
+              input: match.state.input,
+              structured: event.properties.structured,
+              content: [...event.properties.content],
+            }
+            match.provider = event.properties.provider
+            match.time.completed = event.properties.timestamp
+          })
+          break
+        case "session.next.tool.error":
+          update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const match = latestTool(activeAssistant(draft), event.properties.callID)
+            if (match?.state.status !== "running") return
+            match.state = {
+              status: "error",
+              error: event.properties.error,
+              input: match.state.input,
+              structured: match.state.structured,
+              content: match.state.content,
+            }
+            match.provider = event.properties.provider
+            match.time.completed = event.properties.timestamp
+          })
+          break
+        case "session.next.reasoning.started":
+          update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            activeAssistant(draft)?.content.push({
+              type: "reasoning",
+              id: event.properties.reasoningID,
+              text: "",
+            })
+          })
+          break
+        case "session.next.reasoning.delta":
+          update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const match = latestReasoning(activeAssistant(draft), event.properties.reasoningID)
+            if (match) match.text += event.properties.delta
+          })
+          break
+        case "session.next.reasoning.ended":
+          update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const match = latestReasoning(activeAssistant(draft), event.properties.reasoningID)
+            if (match) match.text = event.properties.text
+          })
+          break
+        case "session.next.retried":
+          break
+        case "session.next.compaction.started":
+          update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            draft.push({
+              id: event.id,
+              type: "compaction",
+              reason: event.properties.reason,
+              summary: "",
+              time: { created: event.properties.timestamp },
+            })
+          })
+          break
+        case "session.next.compaction.delta":
+          update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const match = activeCompaction(draft)
+            if (match) match.summary += event.properties.text
+          })
+          break
+        case "session.next.compaction.ended":
+          update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const match = activeCompaction(draft)
+            if (!match) return
+            match.summary = event.properties.text
+            match.include = event.properties.include
+          })
+          break
+      }
+    })
+
+    const result = {
+      data: store,
+      session: {
+        message: {
+          async sync(sessionID: string) {
+            const response = await sdk.client.v2.session.messages({ sessionID })
+            setStore("messages", sessionID, reconcile(response.data?.items ?? []))
+          },
+          fromSession(sessionID: string) {
+            const messages = store.messages[sessionID]
+            if (!messages) return []
+            return messages
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }
+
+    return result
+  },
+})

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui/plugin/internal.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ import SidebarTodo from "../feature-plugins/sidebar/todo"
 import SidebarFiles from "../feature-plugins/sidebar/files"
 import SidebarFooter from "../feature-plugins/sidebar/footer"
 import PluginManager from "../feature-plugins/system/plugins"
+import SessionV2Debug from "../feature-plugins/system/session-v2"
 import type { TuiPlugin, TuiPluginModule } from "@opencode-ai/plugin/tui"
+import { Flag } from "@opencode-ai/core/flag/flag"
 
 export type InternalTuiPlugin = TuiPluginModule & {
   id: string
@@ -24,4 +26,5 @@ export const INTERNAL_TUI_PLUGINS: InternalTuiPlugin[] = [
   SidebarFiles,
   SidebarFooter,
   PluginManager,
+  ...(Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_EVENT_SYSTEM ? [SessionV2Debug] : []),
 ]

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui/plugin/runtime.ts

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import { TuiConfig } from "@/cli/cmd/tui/config/tui"
 import * as Log from "@opencode-ai/core/util/log"
 import { errorData, errorMessage } from "@/util/error"
 import { isRecord } from "@/util/record"
-import { Instance } from "@/project/instance"
+import { WithInstance } from "@/project/with-instance"
 import {
   readPackageThemes,
   readPluginId,
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ async function addPluginBySpec(state: RuntimeState | undefined, raw: string) {
     state.pending.delete(spec)
     return true
   }
-  const ready = await Instance.provide({
+  const ready = await WithInstance.provide({
     directory: state.directory,
     fn: () => resolveExternalPlugins([cfg], () => TuiConfig.waitForDependencies()),
   }).catch((error) => {
@@ -986,7 +986,7 @@ async function load(input: { api: Api; config: TuiConfig.Info }) {
   }
   runtime = next
   try {
-    await Instance.provide({
+    await WithInstance.provide({
       directory: cwd,
       fn: async () => {
         const records = Flag.OPENCODE_PURE ? [] : (config.plugin_origins ?? [])

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui/routes/session/index.tsx

@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ import { Locale } from "@/util/locale"
 import type { Tool } from "@/tool/tool"
 import type { ReadTool } from "@/tool/read"
 import type { WriteTool } from "@/tool/write"
-import { BashTool } from "@/tool/bash"
+import { ShellTool } from "@/tool/shell"
+import { ShellID } from "@/tool/shell/id"
 import type { GlobTool } from "@/tool/glob"
 import { TodoWriteTool } from "@/tool/todo"
 import type { GrepTool } from "@/tool/grep"
@@ -1552,8 +1553,8 @@ function ToolPart(props: { last: boolean; part: ToolPart; message: AssistantMess
   return (
     <Show when={!shouldHide()}>
       <Switch>
-        <Match when={props.part.tool === "bash"}>
-          <Bash {...toolprops} />
+        <Match when={props.part.tool === ShellID.ToolID}>
+          <Shell {...toolprops} />
         </Match>
         <Match when={props.part.tool === "glob"}>
           <Glob {...toolprops} />
@@ -1784,7 +1785,7 @@ function BlockTool(props: {
   )
 }
 
-function Bash(props: ToolProps<typeof BashTool>) {
+function Shell(props: ToolProps<typeof ShellTool>) {
   const { theme } = useTheme()
   const sync = useSync()
   const isRunning = createMemo(() => props.part.state.status === "running")

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui/routes/session/permission.tsx

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import { LANGUAGE_EXTENSIONS } from "@/lsp/language"
 import { Keybind } from "@/util/keybind"
 import { Locale } from "@/util/locale"
 import { Global } from "@opencode-ai/core/global"
+import { ShellID } from "@/tool/shell/id"
 import { useDialog } from "../../ui/dialog"
 import { getScrollAcceleration } from "../../util/scroll"
 import { useTuiConfig } from "../../context/tui-config"
@@ -287,7 +288,7 @@ export function PermissionPrompt(props: { request: PermissionRequest }) {
               }
             }
 
-            if (permission === "bash") {
+            if (permission === ShellID.ToolID) {
               const title =
                 typeof data.description === "string" && data.description ? data.description : "Shell command"
               const command = typeof data.command === "string" ? data.command : ""

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui/worker.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import { Installation } from "@/installation"
 import { Server } from "@/server/server"
 import * as Log from "@opencode-ai/core/util/log"
-import { Instance } from "@/project/instance"
-import { InstanceStore } from "@/project/instance-store"
+import { InstanceRuntime } from "@/project/instance-runtime"
+import { WithInstance } from "@/project/with-instance"
 import { Rpc } from "@/util/rpc"
 import { upgrade } from "@/cli/upgrade"
 import { Config } from "@/config/config"
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ import { writeHeapSnapshot } from "node:v8"
 import { Heap } from "@/cli/heap"
 import { AppRuntime } from "@/effect/app-runtime"
 import { ensureProcessMetadata } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/opencode-process"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { disposeAllInstancesAndEmitGlobalDisposed } from "@/server/global-lifecycle"
 
 ensureProcessMetadata("worker")
 
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ export const rpc = {
     return { url: server.url.toString() }
   },
   async checkUpgrade(input: { directory: string }) {
-    await Instance.provide({
+    await WithInstance.provide({
       directory: input.directory,
       fn: async () => {
         await upgrade().catch(() => {})
@@ -83,12 +85,18 @@ export const rpc = {
     })
   },
   async reload() {
-    await AppRuntime.runPromise(Config.Service.use((cfg) => cfg.invalidate(true)))
+    await AppRuntime.runPromise(
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const cfg = yield* Config.Service
+        yield* cfg.invalidate()
+        yield* disposeAllInstancesAndEmitGlobalDisposed({ swallowErrors: true })
+      }),
+    )
   },
   async shutdown() {
     Log.Default.info("worker shutting down")
 
-    await InstanceStore.disposeAllInstances()
+    await InstanceRuntime.disposeAllInstances()
     if (server) await server.stop(true)
   },
 }

packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/web.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Server } from "../../server/server"
 import { UI } from "../ui"
-import { cmd } from "./cmd"
+import { effectCmd } from "../effect-cmd"
 import { withNetworkOptions, resolveNetworkOptions } from "../network"
 import { Flag } from "@opencode-ai/core/flag/flag"
 import open from "open"
@@ -28,16 +29,19 @@ function getNetworkIPs() {
   return results
 }
 
-export const WebCommand = cmd({
+export const WebCommand = effectCmd({
   command: "web",
   builder: (yargs) => withNetworkOptions(yargs),
   describe: "start opencode server and open web interface",
-  handler: async (args) => {
+  // Server loads instances per-request via x-opencode-directory header — no
+  // ambient project InstanceContext needed at startup.
+  instance: false,
+  handler: Effect.fn("Cli.web")(function* (args) {
     if (!Flag.OPENCODE_SERVER_PASSWORD) {
       UI.println(UI.Style.TEXT_WARNING_BOLD + "!  OPENCODE_SERVER_PASSWORD is not set; server is unsecured.")
     }
-    const opts = await resolveNetworkOptions(args)
-    const server = await Server.listen(opts)
+    const opts = yield* Effect.promise(() => resolveNetworkOptions(args))
+    const server = yield* Effect.promise(() => Server.listen(opts))
     UI.empty()
     UI.println(UI.logo("  "))
     UI.empty()
@@ -75,7 +79,6 @@ export const WebCommand = cmd({
       open(displayUrl).catch(() => {})
     }
 
-    await new Promise(() => {})
-    await server.stop()
-  },
+    yield* Effect.never
+  }),
 })

packages/opencode/src/cli/effect-cmd.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import type { Argv } from "yargs"
+import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
+import { AppRuntime, type AppServices } from "@/effect/app-runtime"
+import { InstanceStore } from "@/project/instance-store"
+import { InstanceRef } from "@/effect/instance-ref"
+import { cmd, type WithDoubleDash } from "./cmd/cmd"
+
+/**
+ * User-visible command failure. Throw via `fail("...")` from an effectCmd handler
+ * to surface a printed message + non-zero exit. Recognised by the global error
+ * formatter in `src/cli/error.ts` (FormatError), so the existing top-level
+ * catch + cleanup in `src/index.ts` runs normally.
+ */
+export class CliError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<CliError>()("CliError", {
+  message: Schema.String,
+  exitCode: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
+}) {}
+
+export const fail = (message: string, exitCode = 1) => Effect.fail(new CliError({ message, exitCode }))
+
+interface EffectCmdOpts<Args, A> {
+  command: string | readonly string[]
+  aliases?: string | readonly string[]
+  describe: string | false
+  builder?: (yargs: Argv) => Argv<Args>
+  /**
+   * Whether the command needs a project InstanceContext. Defaults to true.
+   *
+   * `true` (default): wraps the handler in `InstanceStore.Service.provide({directory})`
+   * so `InstanceRef` resolves to a loaded `InstanceContext`. Auto-disposes via
+   * `Effect.ensuring(store.dispose(ctx))` on every Exit (matches the legacy
+   * `bootstrap()` finally-disposal). Runs InstanceBootstrap (config + plugin
+   * init + LSP/File/etc forks) eagerly.
+   *
+   * `false`: skip the instance entirely. Saves the InstanceBootstrap work and
+   * suppresses the `server.instance.disposed` IPC event. The handler runs
+   * directly under AppRuntime — it can yield any `AppServices` but must not
+   * yield `InstanceRef` (it'd be undefined, causing a defect).
+   *
+   * Function form: `(args) => boolean` decides per-invocation. Useful for
+   * commands like `run --attach <url>` where one flag flips between local
+   * (needs instance) and remote (doesn't).
+   *
+   * Use `false` for commands that don't read project state (e.g. `models`,
+   * `serve`, `web`, `account`, `db`, `upgrade`).
+   */
+  instance?: boolean | ((args: Args) => boolean)
+  /** Defaults to process.cwd(). Override for commands that take a directory positional. */
+  directory?: (args: Args) => string
+  handler: (args: WithDoubleDash<Args>) => Effect.Effect<A, CliError, AppServices | InstanceStore.Service>
+}
+
+/**
+ * Effect-native CLI command builder. Wraps yargs `cmd()` so the handler body is
+ * an `Effect` with `InstanceRef` provided and any `AppServices` yieldable.
+ *
+ * The handler is wrapped in `Effect.ensuring(store.dispose(ctx))` so the loaded
+ * InstanceContext is disposed (runDisposers + IPC `server.instance.disposed`)
+ * on every Exit — success, typed failure, defect, or interruption. Matches the
+ * legacy `bootstrap()` finally-disposal semantics without per-handler boilerplate.
+ *
+ * Errors propagate to the existing top-level handler in `src/index.ts`; use
+ * `fail("...")` for user-visible domain failures (clean exit, formatted message).
+ *
+ * Handlers are typically `Effect.fn("Cli.<name>")(function*(args) { ... })`,
+ * which adds a named tracing span per CLI invocation. Once all commands use
+ * `effectCmd`, swapping the underlying `cmd()` factory for effect/cli's
+ * `Command.make(...)` won't touch any handler bodies.
+ */
+export const effectCmd = <Args, A>(opts: EffectCmdOpts<Args, A>) =>
+  cmd<{}, Args>({
+    command: opts.command,
+    aliases: opts.aliases,
+    describe: opts.describe,
+    builder: opts.builder as never,
+    async handler(rawArgs) {
+      // yargs typing wraps Args in ArgumentsCamelCase<WithDoubleDash<...>>; cast at the boundary.
+      const args = rawArgs as unknown as WithDoubleDash<Args>
+      const useInstance = typeof opts.instance === "function" ? opts.instance(args) : opts.instance !== false
+      if (!useInstance) {
+        await AppRuntime.runPromise(opts.handler(args))
+        return
+      }
+      const directory = opts.directory?.(args) ?? process.cwd()
+      await AppRuntime.runPromise(
+        InstanceStore.Service.use((store) =>
+          store.provide(
+            { directory },
+            Effect.gen(function* () {
+              const ctx = yield* InstanceRef
+              const body = opts.handler(args)
+              return ctx ? yield* body.pipe(Effect.ensuring(store.dispose(ctx))) : yield* body
+            }),
+          ),
+        ),
+      )
+    },
+  })

packages/opencode/src/cli/error.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,13 @@ function isTaggedError(error: unknown, tag: string): boolean {
 }
 
 export function FormatError(input: unknown) {
+  // CliError: domain failure surfaced from an effectCmd handler via fail("...")
+  if (isTaggedError(input, "CliError")) {
+    const data = input as ErrorLike & { exitCode?: number }
+    if (data.exitCode != null) process.exitCode = data.exitCode
+    return data.message ?? ""
+  }
+
   // MCPFailed: { name: string }
   if (NamedError.hasName(input, "MCPFailed")) {
     return `MCP server "${(input as ErrorLike).data?.name}" failed. Note, opencode does not support MCP authentication yet.`

packages/opencode/src/config/config.ts

@@ -12,11 +12,8 @@ import { Auth } from "../auth"
 import { Env } from "../env"
 import { applyEdits, modify } from "jsonc-parser"
 import { type InstanceContext } from "../project/instance"
-import { InstanceStore } from "../project/instance-store"
 import { InstallationLocal, InstallationVersion } from "@opencode-ai/core/installation/version"
 import { existsSync } from "fs"
-import { GlobalBus } from "@/bus/global"
-import { Event } from "../server/event"
 import { Account } from "@/account/account"
 import { isRecord } from "@/util/record"
 import type { ConsoleState } from "./console-state"
@@ -195,8 +192,14 @@ export const Info = Schema.Struct({
       ]),
     ),
   ).annotate({ description: "MCP (Model Context Protocol) server configurations" }),
-  formatter: Schema.optional(ConfigFormatter.Info),
-  lsp: Schema.optional(ConfigLSP.Info),
+  formatter: Schema.optional(ConfigFormatter.Info).annotate({
+    description:
+      "Enable or configure formatters. Omit or set to false to disable, true to enable built-ins, or an object to enable built-ins with overrides.",
+  }),
+  lsp: Schema.optional(ConfigLSP.Info).annotate({
+    description:
+      "Enable or configure LSP servers. Omit or set to false to disable, true to enable built-ins, or an object to enable built-ins with overrides.",
+  }),
   instructions: Schema.optional(Schema.mutable(Schema.Array(Schema.String))).annotate({
     description: "Additional instruction files or patterns to include",
   }),
@@ -289,9 +292,9 @@ export interface Interface {
   readonly get: () => Effect.Effect<Info>
   readonly getGlobal: () => Effect.Effect<Info>
   readonly getConsoleState: () => Effect.Effect<ConsoleState>
-  readonly update: (config: Info, options?: { dispose?: boolean }) => Effect.Effect<void>
-  readonly updateGlobal: (config: Info) => Effect.Effect<Info>
-  readonly invalidate: (wait?: boolean) => Effect.Effect<void>
+  readonly update: (config: Info) => Effect.Effect<void>
+  readonly updateGlobal: (config: Info) => Effect.Effect<{ info: Info; changed: boolean }>
+  readonly invalidate: () => Effect.Effect<void>
   readonly directories: () => Effect.Effect<string[]>
   readonly waitForDependencies: () => Effect.Effect<void>
 }
@@ -730,37 +733,17 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
       )
     })
 
-    const update = Effect.fn("Config.update")(function* (config: Info, options?: { dispose?: boolean }) {
+    const update = Effect.fn("Config.update")(function* (config: Info) {
       const dir = yield* InstanceState.directory
       const file = path.join(dir, "config.json")
       const existing = yield* loadFile(file)
       yield* fs
         .writeFileString(file, JSON.stringify(mergeDeep(writable(existing), writable(config)), null, 2))
         .pipe(Effect.orDie)
-      if (options?.dispose !== false) {
-        // Fail loudly if no instance is bound — silently skipping would
-        // mask "config update without an active instance" bugs. The throw
-        // comes from `Instance.current` inside `InstanceState.context`.
-        const ctx = yield* InstanceState.context
-        yield* Effect.promise(() => InstanceStore.disposeInstance(ctx))
-      }
     })
 
-    const invalidate = Effect.fn("Config.invalidate")(function* (wait?: boolean) {
+    const invalidate = Effect.fn("Config.invalidate")(function* () {
       yield* invalidateGlobal
-      const task = InstanceStore.disposeAllInstances()
-        .catch(() => undefined)
-        .finally(() =>
-          GlobalBus.emit("event", {
-            directory: "global",
-            payload: {
-              type: Event.Disposed.type,
-              properties: {},
-            },
-          }),
-        )
-      if (wait) yield* Effect.promise(() => task)
-      else void task
     })
 
     const updateGlobal = Effect.fn("Config.updateGlobal")(function* (config: Info) {
@@ -784,9 +767,8 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
         if (changed) yield* fs.writeFileString(file, updated).pipe(Effect.orDie)
       }
 
-      // Only tear down running instances if the config actually changed.
       if (changed) yield* invalidate()
-      return next
+      return { info: next, changed }
     })
 
     return Service.of({

packages/opencode/src/effect/app-runtime.ts

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import { FileWatcher } from "@/file/watcher"
 import { Storage } from "@/storage/storage"
 import { Snapshot } from "@/snapshot"
 import { Plugin } from "@/plugin"
+import { ModelsDev } from "@/provider/models"
 import { Provider } from "@/provider/provider"
 import { ProviderAuth } from "@/provider/auth"
 import { Agent } from "@/agent/agent"
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ import { Command } from "@/command"
 import { Truncate } from "@/tool/truncate"
 import { ToolRegistry } from "@/tool/registry"
 import { Format } from "@/format"
-import { InstanceStore } from "@/project/instance-store"
+import { InstanceLayer } from "@/project/instance-layer"
 import { Project } from "@/project/project"
 import { Vcs } from "@/project/vcs"
 import { Workspace } from "@/control-plane/workspace"
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ export const AppLayer = Layer.mergeAll(
   Storage.defaultLayer,
   Snapshot.defaultLayer,
   Plugin.defaultLayer,
+  ModelsDev.defaultLayer,
   Provider.defaultLayer,
   ProviderAuth.defaultLayer,
   Agent.defaultLayer,
@@ -91,20 +93,22 @@ export const AppLayer = Layer.mergeAll(
   Truncate.defaultLayer,
   ToolRegistry.defaultLayer,
   Format.defaultLayer,
-  InstanceStore.defaultLayer,
   Project.defaultLayer,
   Vcs.defaultLayer,
   Workspace.defaultLayer,
-  Worktree.defaultLayer,
+  Worktree.appLayer,
   Pty.defaultLayer,
   Installation.defaultLayer,
   ShareNext.defaultLayer,
   SessionShare.defaultLayer,
   SyncEvent.defaultLayer,
-).pipe(Layer.provideMerge(Observability.layer))
+).pipe(Layer.provideMerge(InstanceLayer.layer), Layer.provideMerge(Observability.layer))
 
 const rt = ManagedRuntime.make(AppLayer, { memoMap })
 type Runtime = Pick<typeof rt, "runSync" | "runPromise" | "runPromiseExit" | "runFork" | "runCallback" | "dispose">
+
+/** Services provided by AppRuntime — i.e. what an Effect run via AppRuntime.runPromise can yield. */
+export type AppServices = ManagedRuntime.ManagedRuntime.Services<typeof rt>
 const wrap = (effect: Parameters<typeof rt.runSync>[0]) => attach(effect as never) as never
 
 export const AppRuntime: Runtime = {

packages/opencode/src/file/watcher.ts

@@ -123,7 +123,9 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
           const cfgIgnores = cfg.watcher?.ignore ?? []
 
           if (yield* Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_FILEWATCHER) {
-            yield* subscribe(ctx.directory, [...FileIgnore.PATTERNS, ...cfgIgnores, ...protecteds(ctx.directory)])
+            yield* Effect.forkScoped(
+              subscribe(ctx.directory, [...FileIgnore.PATTERNS, ...cfgIgnores, ...protecteds(ctx.directory)]),
+            )
           }
 
           if (ctx.project.vcs === "git") {
@@ -135,7 +137,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
               const ignore = (yield* Effect.promise(() => readdir(vcsDir).catch(() => []))).filter(
                 (entry) => entry !== "HEAD",
               )
-              yield* subscribe(vcsDir, ignore)
+              yield* Effect.forkScoped(subscribe(vcsDir, ignore))
             }
           }
         },

packages/opencode/src/permission/index.ts

@@ -144,7 +144,6 @@ interface State {
 }
 
 export function evaluate(permission: string, pattern: string, ...rulesets: Ruleset[]): Rule {
-  log.info("evaluate", { permission, pattern, ruleset: rulesets.flat() })
   return evalRule(permission, pattern, ...rulesets)
 }
 

packages/opencode/src/project/bootstrap-service.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import { Context, Effect } from "effect"
+
+export interface Interface {
+  readonly run: Effect.Effect<void>
+}
+
+export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/InstanceBootstrap") {}
+
+export * as InstanceBootstrap from "./bootstrap-service"

packages/opencode/src/project/bootstrap.ts

@@ -6,32 +6,29 @@ import { Snapshot } from "../snapshot"
 import * as Project from "./project"
 import * as Vcs from "./vcs"
 import { Bus } from "../bus"
-import { Command } from "../command"
 import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
 import { FileWatcher } from "@/file/watcher"
 import { ShareNext } from "@/share/share-next"
-import { Context, Effect, Layer } from "effect"
+import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
 import { Config } from "@/config/config"
+import { Service } from "./bootstrap-service"
 
-export interface Interface {
-  readonly run: Effect.Effect<void>
-}
-
-export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/InstanceBootstrap") {}
+export { Service } from "./bootstrap-service"
+export type { Interface } from "./bootstrap-service"
 
 export const layer = Layer.effect(
   Service,
   Effect.gen(function* () {
     // Yield each bootstrap dep at layer init so `run` itself has R = never.
-    // This breaks the circular declaration loop through Config → Instance → InstanceStore
-    // (instance-store.ts only yields this Service tag, never the impl-side services).
-    const bus = yield* Bus.Service
+    // InstanceStore imports only the lightweight tag from bootstrap-service.ts,
+    // so it can depend on bootstrap without importing this implementation graph.
     const config = yield* Config.Service
     const file = yield* File.Service
     const fileWatcher = yield* FileWatcher.Service
     const format = yield* Format.Service
     const lsp = yield* LSP.Service
     const plugin = yield* Plugin.Service
+    const project = yield* Project.Service
     const shareNext = yield* ShareNext.Service
     const snapshot = yield* Snapshot.Service
     const vcs = yield* Vcs.Service
@@ -43,16 +40,13 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
       yield* config.get()
       // Plugin can mutate config so it has to be initialized before anything else.
       yield* plugin.init()
-      yield* Effect.all(
-        [lsp, shareNext, format, file, fileWatcher, vcs, snapshot].map((s) => Effect.forkDetach(s.init())),
+      // Each service self-manages its own slow work via Effect.forkScoped against
+      // its per-instance state scope. We just await materialization here.
+      yield* Effect.forEach(
+        [lsp, shareNext, format, file, fileWatcher, vcs, snapshot, project],
+        (s) => s.init().pipe(Effect.catchCause((cause) => Effect.logWarning("init failed", { cause }))),
+        { concurrency: "unbounded", discard: true },
       ).pipe(Effect.withSpan("InstanceBootstrap.init"))
-
-      const projectID = ctx.project.id
-      yield* bus.subscribeCallback(Command.Event.Executed, async (payload) => {
-        if (payload.properties.name === Command.Default.INIT) {
-          Project.setInitialized(projectID)
-        }
-      })
     }).pipe(Effect.withSpan("InstanceBootstrap"))
 
     return Service.of({ run })

packages/opencode/src/project/instance-layer.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
+import { InstanceStore } from "./instance-store"
+
+export const layer = Layer.unwrap(
+  Effect.promise(async () => {
+    const { InstanceBootstrap } = await import("./bootstrap")
+    return InstanceStore.defaultLayer.pipe(Layer.provide(InstanceBootstrap.defaultLayer))
+  }),
+)
+
+export * as InstanceLayer from "./instance-layer"

packages/opencode/src/project/instance-runtime.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { AppRuntime } from "@/effect/app-runtime"
+import { type InstanceContext } from "./instance-context"
+import { InstanceStore, type LoadInput } from "./instance-store"
+
+// Bridge for Promise/ALS callers that cannot yet yield InstanceStore.Service.
+// Delete this module once those callers are migrated to Effect boundaries that
+// provide InstanceStore directly.
+
+export const load = (input: LoadInput) => AppRuntime.runPromise(InstanceStore.Service.use((store) => store.load(input)))
+export const disposeInstance = (ctx: InstanceContext) =>
+  AppRuntime.runPromise(InstanceStore.Service.use((store) => store.dispose(ctx)))
+export const disposeAllInstances = () => AppRuntime.runPromise(InstanceStore.Service.use((store) => store.disposeAll()))
+export const reloadInstance = (input: LoadInput) =>
+  AppRuntime.runPromise(InstanceStore.Service.use((store) => store.reload(input)))
+
+export * as InstanceRuntime from "./instance-runtime"

packages/opencode/src/project/instance-store.ts

@@ -2,32 +2,24 @@ import { GlobalBus } from "@/bus/global"
 import { WorkspaceContext } from "@/control-plane/workspace-context"
 import { InstanceRef } from "@/effect/instance-ref"
 import { disposeInstance as runDisposers } from "@/effect/instance-registry"
-import { makeRuntime } from "@/effect/run-service"
 import { AppFileSystem } from "@opencode-ai/core/filesystem"
 import { Context, Deferred, Duration, Effect, Exit, Layer, Scope } from "effect"
 import { type InstanceContext } from "./instance-context"
+import { InstanceBootstrap } from "./bootstrap-service"
 import * as Project from "./project"
 
-export interface LoadInput<R = never> {
+export interface LoadInput {
   directory: string
-  /**
-   * Additional setup to run after the default InstanceBootstrap.
-   * Mainly used by tests for env-var setup or file writes that need the instance ALS context.
-   */
-  init?: Effect.Effect<void, never, R>
   worktree?: string
   project?: Project.Info
 }
 
 export interface Interface {
-  readonly load: <R = never>(input: LoadInput<R>) => Effect.Effect<InstanceContext, never, R>
-  readonly reload: <R = never>(input: LoadInput<R>) => Effect.Effect<InstanceContext, never, R>
+  readonly load: (input: LoadInput) => Effect.Effect<InstanceContext>
+  readonly reload: (input: LoadInput) => Effect.Effect<InstanceContext>
   readonly dispose: (ctx: InstanceContext) => Effect.Effect<void>
   readonly disposeAll: () => Effect.Effect<void>
-  readonly provide: <A, E, R, R2 = never>(
-    input: LoadInput<R2>,
-    effect: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>,
-  ) => Effect.Effect<A, E, R | R2>
+  readonly provide: <A, E, R>(input: LoadInput, effect: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) => Effect.Effect<A, E, R>
 }
 
 export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/InstanceStore") {}
@@ -36,14 +28,15 @@ interface Entry {
   readonly deferred: Deferred.Deferred<InstanceContext>
 }
 
-export const layer: Layer.Layer<Service, never, Project.Service> = Layer.effect(
+export const layer: Layer.Layer<Service, never, Project.Service | InstanceBootstrap.Service> = Layer.effect(
   Service,
   Effect.gen(function* () {
     const project = yield* Project.Service
+    const bootstrap = yield* InstanceBootstrap.Service
     const scope = yield* Scope.Scope
     const cache = new Map<string, Entry>()
 
-    const boot = <R>(input: LoadInput<R> & { directory: string }) =>
+    const boot = (input: LoadInput & { directory: string }) =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const ctx: InstanceContext =
           input.project && input.worktree
@@ -59,7 +52,7 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<Service, never, Project.Service> = Layer.effect(
                   project: result.project,
                 })),
               )
-        if (input.init) yield* input.init.pipe(Effect.provideService(InstanceRef, ctx))
+        yield* bootstrap.run.pipe(Effect.provideService(InstanceRef, ctx))
         return ctx
       }).pipe(Effect.withSpan("InstanceStore.boot"))
 
@@ -70,7 +63,7 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<Service, never, Project.Service> = Layer.effect(
         return true
       })
 
-    const completeLoad = <R>(directory: string, input: LoadInput<R>, entry: Entry) =>
+    const completeLoad = (directory: string, input: LoadInput, entry: Entry) =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const exit = yield* Effect.exit(boot({ ...input, directory }))
         if (Exit.isFailure(exit)) yield* removeEntry(directory, entry)
@@ -106,7 +99,7 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<Service, never, Project.Service> = Layer.effect(
       return true
     })
 
-    const load = <R>(input: LoadInput<R>): Effect.Effect<InstanceContext, never, R> => {
+    const load = (input: LoadInput): Effect.Effect<InstanceContext> => {
       const directory = AppFileSystem.resolve(input.directory)
       return Effect.uninterruptibleMask((restore) =>
         Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -124,7 +117,7 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<Service, never, Project.Service> = Layer.effect(
       ).pipe(Effect.withSpan("InstanceStore.load"))
     }
 
-    const reload = <R>(input: LoadInput<R>): Effect.Effect<InstanceContext, never, R> => {
+    const reload = (input: LoadInput): Effect.Effect<InstanceContext> => {
       const directory = AppFileSystem.resolve(input.directory)
       return Effect.uninterruptibleMask((restore) =>
         Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -178,7 +171,7 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<Service, never, Project.Service> = Layer.effect(
       return yield* cachedDisposeAll
     })
 
-    const provide = <A, E, R, R2>(input: LoadInput<R2>, effect: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>): Effect.Effect<A, E, R | R2> =>
+    const provide = <A, E, R>(input: LoadInput, effect: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>): Effect.Effect<A, E, R> =>
       load(input).pipe(Effect.flatMap((ctx) => effect.pipe(Effect.provideService(InstanceRef, ctx))))
 
     yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => disposeAll().pipe(Effect.ignore))
@@ -195,13 +188,4 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<Service, never, Project.Service> = Layer.effect(
 
 export const defaultLayer = layer.pipe(Layer.provide(Project.defaultLayer))
 
-export const runtime = makeRuntime(Service, defaultLayer)
-
-// Promise-returning helpers for callers without an Effect runtime in scope.
-// They route through `runtime` (not a yielded Service from a fresh runtime)
-// so they share the cache that `Instance.provide` populates.
-export const disposeInstance = (ctx: InstanceContext) => runtime.runPromise((store) => store.dispose(ctx))
-export const disposeAllInstances = () => runtime.runPromise((store) => store.disposeAll())
-export const reloadInstance = (input: LoadInput) => runtime.runPromise((store) => store.reload(input))
-
 export * as InstanceStore from "./instance-store"

packages/opencode/src/project/instance.ts

@@ -1,17 +1,8 @@
-import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { context, type InstanceContext } from "./instance-context"
-import { InstanceStore } from "./instance-store"
 
 export type { InstanceContext } from "./instance-context"
-export type { LoadInput } from "./instance-store"
 
 export const Instance = {
-  async provide<R>(input: { directory: string; init?: Effect.Effect<void>; fn: () => R }): Promise<R> {
-    const ctx = await InstanceStore.runtime.runPromise((store) =>
-      store.load({ directory: input.directory, init: input.init }),
-    )
-    return context.provide(ctx, async () => input.fn())
-  },
   get current() {
     return context.use()
   },
@@ -42,17 +33,4 @@ export const Instance = {
   restore<R>(ctx: InstanceContext, fn: () => R): R {
     return context.provide(ctx, fn)
   },
-  // followup: `reload` survives because `test/server/project-init-git.test.ts`
-  // spies on this exact method. Once that test asserts on `InstanceStore.reloadInstance`
-  // (or moves to an Effect runtime), this wrapper can drop.
-  async reload(input: InstanceStore.LoadInput) {
-    return InstanceStore.reloadInstance(input)
-  },
-  // followup: `dispose` survives for legacy fixtures that read `Instance.current`
-  // out of ALS (e.g. `test/fixture/fixture.ts` `provideTmpdirInstance`,
-  // `test/question/question.test.ts` cancellation tests). Convert those to call
-  // `InstanceStore.disposeInstance(ctx)` directly once `Instance.provide` is gone.
-  async dispose() {
-    return InstanceStore.disposeInstance(Instance.current)
-  },
 }

packages/opencode/src/project/project.ts

@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ import { BusEvent } from "@/bus/bus-event"
 import { GlobalBus } from "@/bus/global"
 import { which } from "../util/which"
 import { ProjectID } from "./schema"
+import { Bus } from "@/bus"
+import { Command } from "@/command"
+import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
 import { Effect, Layer, Path, Scope, Context, Stream, Types, Schema } from "effect"
 import { ChildProcess, ChildProcessSpawner } from "effect/unstable/process"
 import { NodePath } from "@effect/platform-node"
@@ -108,6 +111,12 @@ export type UpdatePayload = Types.DeepMutable<Schema.Schema.Type<typeof UpdatePa
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 export interface Interface {
+  /**
+   * Per-instance setup. Subscribes to the `/init` slash command for the
+   * current instance and stamps the project's initialized timestamp when it
+   * fires. Subscription lifetime is tied to the per-instance state scope.
+   */
+  readonly init: () => Effect.Effect<void>
   readonly fromDirectory: (directory: string) => Effect.Effect<{ project: Info; sandbox: string }>
   readonly discover: (input: Info) => Effect.Effect<void>
   readonly list: () => Effect.Effect<Info[]>
@@ -127,13 +136,14 @@ type GitResult = { code: number; text: string; stderr: string }
 export const layer: Layer.Layer<
   Service,
   never,
-  AppFileSystem.Service | Path.Path | ChildProcessSpawner.ChildProcessSpawner
+  AppFileSystem.Service | Path.Path | ChildProcessSpawner.ChildProcessSpawner | Bus.Service
 > = Layer.effect(
   Service,
   Effect.gen(function* () {
     const fs = yield* AppFileSystem.Service
     const pathSvc = yield* Path.Path
     const spawner = yield* ChildProcessSpawner.ChildProcessSpawner
+    const bus = yield* Bus.Service
 
     const git = Effect.fnUntraced(
       function* (args: string[], opts?: { cwd?: string }) {
@@ -417,6 +427,21 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<
       )
     })
 
+    const initState = yield* InstanceState.make(
+      Effect.fn("Project.initState")(function* (ctx) {
+        yield* bus.subscribe(Command.Event.Executed).pipe(
+          Stream.runForEach((payload) =>
+            payload.properties.name === Command.Default.INIT ? setInitialized(ctx.project.id) : Effect.void,
+          ),
+          Effect.forkScoped,
+        )
+      }),
+    )
+
+    const init = Effect.fn("Project.init")(function* () {
+      yield* InstanceState.get(initState)
+    })
+
     const sandboxes = Effect.fn("Project.sandboxes")(function* (id: ProjectID) {
       const row = yield* db((d) => d.select().from(ProjectTable).where(eq(ProjectTable.id, id)).get())
       if (!row) return []
@@ -466,6 +491,7 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<
     })
 
     return Service.of({
+      init,
       fromDirectory,
       discover,
       list,
@@ -481,6 +507,7 @@ export const layer: Layer.Layer<
 )
 
 export const defaultLayer = layer.pipe(
+  Layer.provide(Bus.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provide(CrossSpawnSpawner.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provide(AppFileSystem.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provide(NodePath.layer),

packages/opencode/src/project/with-instance.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import { AppRuntime } from "@/effect/app-runtime"
+import { context } from "./instance-context"
+import { InstanceStore } from "./instance-store"
+
+export async function provide<R>(input: { directory: string; fn: () => R }): Promise<R> {
+  const ctx = await AppRuntime.runPromise(
+    InstanceStore.Service.use((store) => store.load({ directory: input.directory })),
+  )
+  return context.provide(ctx, () => input.fn())
+}
+
+export * as WithInstance from "./with-instance"

packages/opencode/src/provider/models.ts

@@ -1,25 +1,13 @@
 import { Global } from "@opencode-ai/core/global"
-import * as Log from "@opencode-ai/core/util/log"
 import path from "path"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
+import { Context, Duration, Effect, Layer, Option, Schedule, Schema } from "effect"
+import { FetchHttpClient, HttpClient, HttpClientRequest } from "effect/unstable/http"
 import { Installation } from "../installation"
 import { Flag } from "@opencode-ai/core/flag/flag"
-import { lazy } from "@/util/lazy"
-import { Filesystem } from "@/util/filesystem"
 import { Flock } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/flock"
 import { Hash } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/hash"
-
-// Try to import bundled snapshot (generated at build time)
-// Falls back to undefined in dev mode when snapshot doesn't exist
-/* @ts-ignore */
-
-const log = Log.create({ service: "models.dev" })
-const source = url()
-const filepath = path.join(
-  Global.Path.cache,
-  source === "https://models.dev" ? "models.json" : `models-${Hash.fast(source)}.json`,
-)
-const ttl = 5 * 60 * 1000
+import { AppFileSystem } from "@opencode-ai/core/filesystem"
+import { withTransientReadRetry } from "@/util/effect-http-client"
 
 const Cost = Schema.Struct({
   input: Schema.Finite,
@@ -101,76 +89,110 @@ export const Provider = Schema.Struct({
 
 export type Provider = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof Provider>
 
-function url() {
-  return Flag.OPENCODE_MODELS_URL || "https://models.dev"
+export interface Interface {
+  readonly get: () => Effect.Effect<Record<string, Provider>>
+  readonly refresh: (force?: boolean) => Effect.Effect<void>
 }
 
-function fresh() {
-  return Date.now() - Number(Filesystem.stat(filepath)?.mtimeMs ?? 0) < ttl
-}
+export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/ModelsDev") {}
 
-function skip(force: boolean) {
-  return !force && fresh()
-}
+export const layer: Layer.Layer<Service, never, AppFileSystem.Service | HttpClient.HttpClient> = Layer.effect(
+  Service,
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const fs = yield* AppFileSystem.Service
+    const http = HttpClient.filterStatusOk(withTransientReadRetry(yield* HttpClient.HttpClient))
 
-const fetchApi = async () => {
-  const result = await fetch(`${url()}/api.json`, {
-    headers: { "User-Agent": Installation.USER_AGENT },
-    signal: AbortSignal.timeout(10000),
-  })
-  return { ok: result.ok, text: await result.text() }
-}
+    const source = Flag.OPENCODE_MODELS_URL || "https://models.dev"
+    const filepath = path.join(
+      Global.Path.cache,
+      source === "https://models.dev" ? "models.json" : `models-${Hash.fast(source)}.json`,
+    )
+    const ttl = Duration.minutes(5)
+    const lockKey = `models-dev:${filepath}`
 
-export const Data = lazy(async () => {
-  const result = await Filesystem.readJson(Flag.OPENCODE_MODELS_PATH ?? filepath).catch(() => {})
-  if (result) return result
-  // @ts-ignore
-  const snapshot = await import("./models-snapshot.js")
-    .then((m) => m.snapshot as Record<string, unknown>)
-    .catch(() => undefined)
-  if (snapshot) return snapshot
-  if (Flag.OPENCODE_DISABLE_MODELS_FETCH) return {}
-  return Flock.withLock(`models-dev:${filepath}`, async () => {
-    const result = await Filesystem.readJson(Flag.OPENCODE_MODELS_PATH ?? filepath).catch(() => {})
-    if (result) return result
-    const result2 = await fetchApi()
-    if (result2.ok) {
-      await Filesystem.write(filepath, result2.text).catch((e) => {
-        log.error("Failed to write models cache", { error: e })
-      })
-    }
-    return JSON.parse(result2.text)
-  })
-})
-
-export async function get() {
-  const result = await Data()
-  return result as Record<string, Provider>
-}
-
-export async function refresh(force = false) {
-  if (skip(force)) return Data.reset()
-  await Flock.withLock(`models-dev:${filepath}`, async () => {
-    if (skip(force)) return Data.reset()
-    const result = await fetchApi()
-    if (!result.ok) return
-    await Filesystem.write(filepath, result.text)
-    Data.reset()
-  }).catch((e) => {
-    log.error("Failed to fetch models.dev", {
-      error: e,
+    const fresh = Effect.fnUntraced(function* () {
+      const stat = yield* fs.stat(filepath).pipe(Effect.catch(() => Effect.succeed(undefined)))
+      if (!stat) return false
+      const mtime = Option.getOrElse(stat.mtime, () => new Date(0)).getTime()
+      return Date.now() - mtime < Duration.toMillis(ttl)
     })
-  })
-}
 
-if (!Flag.OPENCODE_DISABLE_MODELS_FETCH && !process.argv.includes("--get-yargs-completions")) {
-  void refresh()
-  setInterval(
-    async () => {
-      await refresh()
-    },
-    60 * 1000 * 60,
-  ).unref()
-}
+    const fetchApi = Effect.fn("ModelsDev.fetchApi")(function* () {
+      return yield* HttpClientRequest.get(`${source}/api.json`).pipe(
+        HttpClientRequest.setHeader("User-Agent", Installation.USER_AGENT),
+        http.execute,
+        Effect.flatMap((res) => res.text),
+        Effect.timeout("10 seconds"),
+      )
+    })
+
+    const loadFromDisk = fs.readJson(Flag.OPENCODE_MODELS_PATH ?? filepath).pipe(
+      Effect.catch(() => Effect.succeed(undefined)),
+      Effect.map((v) => v as Record<string, Provider> | undefined),
+    )
+
+    // Bundled at build time; absent in dev — `tryPromise` covers both.
+    const loadSnapshot = Effect.tryPromise({
+      // @ts-ignore — generated at build time, may not exist in dev
+      try: () => import("./models-snapshot.js").then((m) => m.snapshot as Record<string, Provider> | undefined),
+      catch: () => undefined,
+    }).pipe(Effect.catch(() => Effect.succeed(undefined)))
+
+    const fetchAndWrite = Effect.fn("ModelsDev.fetchAndWrite")(function* () {
+      const text = yield* fetchApi()
+      yield* fs.writeWithDirs(filepath, text)
+      return text
+    })
+
+    const populate = Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const fromDisk = yield* loadFromDisk
+      if (fromDisk) return fromDisk
+      const snapshot = yield* loadSnapshot
+      if (snapshot) return snapshot
+      if (Flag.OPENCODE_DISABLE_MODELS_FETCH) return {}
+      // Flock is cross-process: concurrent opencode CLIs can race on this cache file.
+      const text = yield* Effect.scoped(
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          yield* Flock.effect(lockKey)
+          return yield* fetchAndWrite()
+        }),
+      )
+      return JSON.parse(text) as Record<string, Provider>
+    }).pipe(Effect.withSpan("ModelsDev.populate"), Effect.orDie)
+
+    const [cachedGet, invalidate] = yield* Effect.cachedInvalidateWithTTL(populate, Duration.infinity)
+
+    const get = (): Effect.Effect<Record<string, Provider>> => cachedGet
+
+    const refresh = Effect.fn("ModelsDev.refresh")(function* (force = false) {
+      if (!force && (yield* fresh())) return
+      yield* Effect.scoped(
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          yield* Flock.effect(lockKey)
+          // Re-check under the lock: another process may have refreshed between
+          // our outer check and lock acquisition.
+          if (!force && (yield* fresh())) return
+          yield* fetchAndWrite()
+          yield* invalidate
+        }),
+      ).pipe(
+        Effect.tapCause((cause) => Effect.logError("Failed to fetch models.dev", { cause })),
+        Effect.ignore,
+      )
+    })
+
+    if (!Flag.OPENCODE_DISABLE_MODELS_FETCH && !process.argv.includes("--get-yargs-completions")) {
+      // Schedule.spaced runs the effect once, then waits between completions.
+      yield* Effect.forkScoped(refresh().pipe(Effect.repeat(Schedule.spaced("60 minutes")), Effect.ignore))
+    }
+
+    return Service.of({ get, refresh })
+  }),
+)
+
+export const defaultLayer: Layer.Layer<Service> = layer.pipe(
+  Layer.provide(FetchHttpClient.layer),
+  Layer.provide(AppFileSystem.defaultLayer),
+)
 
 export * as ModelsDev from "./models"

packages/opencode/src/provider/provider.ts

@@ -1074,7 +1074,7 @@ export function fromModelsDevProvider(provider: ModelsDev.Provider): Info {
 const layer: Layer.Layer<
   Service,
   never,
-  Config.Service | Auth.Service | Plugin.Service | AppFileSystem.Service | Env.Service
+  Config.Service | Auth.Service | Plugin.Service | AppFileSystem.Service | Env.Service | ModelsDev.Service
 > = Layer.effect(
   Service,
   Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -1083,13 +1083,14 @@ const layer: Layer.Layer<
     const auth = yield* Auth.Service
     const env = yield* Env.Service
     const plugin = yield* Plugin.Service
+    const modelsDevSvc = yield* ModelsDev.Service
 
     const state = yield* InstanceState.make<State>(() =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         using _ = log.time("state")
         const bridge = yield* EffectBridge.make()
         const cfg = yield* config.get()
-        const modelsDev = yield* Effect.promise(() => ModelsDev.get())
+        const modelsDev = yield* modelsDevSvc.get()
         const database = mapValues(modelsDev, fromModelsDevProvider)
 
         const providers: Record<ProviderID, Info> = {} as Record<ProviderID, Info>
@@ -1722,6 +1723,7 @@ export const defaultLayer = Layer.suspend(() =>
     Layer.provide(Config.defaultLayer),
     Layer.provide(Auth.defaultLayer),
     Layer.provide(Plugin.defaultLayer),
+    Layer.provide(ModelsDev.defaultLayer),
   ),
 )
 

packages/opencode/src/server/global-lifecycle.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import { GlobalBus } from "@/bus/global"
+import { InstanceStore } from "@/project/instance-store"
+import * as Log from "@opencode-ai/core/util/log"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { Event } from "./event"
+
+const log = Log.create({ service: "server" })
+
+export const emitGlobalDisposed = Effect.sync(() =>
+  GlobalBus.emit("event", {
+    directory: "global",
+    payload: {
+      type: Event.Disposed.type,
+      properties: {},
+    },
+  }),
+)
+
+export const disposeAllInstancesAndEmitGlobalDisposed = Effect.fn("Server.disposeAllInstancesAndEmitGlobalDisposed")(
+  function* (options?: { swallowErrors?: boolean }) {
+    const store = yield* InstanceStore.Service
+    yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+      yield* options?.swallowErrors
+        ? store.disposeAll().pipe(
+            Effect.catchCause((cause) =>
+              Effect.sync(() => {
+                log.warn("global disposal failed", { cause })
+              }),
+            ),
+          )
+        : store.disposeAll()
+      yield* emitGlobalDisposed
+    }).pipe(Effect.uninterruptible)
+  },
+)
+
+export * as GlobalLifecycle from "./global-lifecycle"

packages/opencode/src/server/routes/global.ts

@@ -1,25 +1,24 @@
 import { Hono, type Context } from "hono"
 import { describeRoute, resolver, validator } from "hono-openapi"
 import { streamSSE } from "hono/streaming"
-import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import z from "zod"
 import { BusEvent } from "@/bus/bus-event"
 import { SyncEvent } from "@/sync"
 import { GlobalBus } from "@/bus/global"
+import { Bus } from "@/bus"
 import { AppRuntime } from "@/effect/app-runtime"
 import { AsyncQueue } from "@/util/queue"
-import { InstanceStore } from "../../project/instance-store"
 import { Installation } from "@/installation"
 import { InstallationVersion } from "@opencode-ai/core/installation/version"
 import * as Log from "@opencode-ai/core/util/log"
 import { lazy } from "../../util/lazy"
 import { Config } from "@/config/config"
 import { errors } from "../error"
+import { disposeAllInstancesAndEmitGlobalDisposed } from "../global-lifecycle"
 
 const log = Log.create({ service: "server" })
 
-export const GlobalDisposedEvent = BusEvent.define("global.disposed", Schema.Struct({}))
-
 async function streamEvents(c: Context, subscribe: (q: AsyncQueue<string | null>) => () => void) {
   return streamSSE(c, async (stream) => {
     const q = new AsyncQueue<string | null>()
@@ -28,6 +27,7 @@ async function streamEvents(c: Context, subscribe: (q: AsyncQueue<string | null>
     q.push(
       JSON.stringify({
         payload: {
+          id: Bus.createID(),
           type: "server.connected",
           properties: {},
         },
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ async function streamEvents(c: Context, subscribe: (q: AsyncQueue<string | null>
       q.push(
         JSON.stringify({
           payload: {
+            id: Bus.createID(),
             type: "server.heartbeat",
             properties: {},
           },
@@ -178,8 +179,13 @@ export const GlobalRoutes = lazy(() =>
       validator("json", Config.Info.zod),
       async (c) => {
         const config = c.req.valid("json")
-        const next = await AppRuntime.runPromise(Config.Service.use((cfg) => cfg.updateGlobal(config)))
-        return c.json(next)
+        const result = await AppRuntime.runPromise(Config.Service.use((cfg) => cfg.updateGlobal(config)))
+        if (result.changed) {
+          void AppRuntime.runPromise(disposeAllInstancesAndEmitGlobalDisposed({ swallowErrors: true })).catch(
+            () => undefined,
+          )
+        }
+        return c.json(result.info)
       },
     )
     .post(
@@ -200,14 +206,7 @@ export const GlobalRoutes = lazy(() =>
         },
       }),
       async (c) => {
-        await InstanceStore.disposeAllInstances()
-        GlobalBus.emit("event", {
-          directory: "global",
-          payload: {
-            type: GlobalDisposedEvent.type,
-            properties: {},
-          },
-        })
+        await AppRuntime.runPromise(disposeAllInstancesAndEmitGlobalDisposed())
         return c.json(true)
       },
     )

packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/config.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
 import { Hono } from "hono"
 import { describeRoute, validator, resolver } from "hono-openapi"
-import z from "zod"
 import { Config } from "@/config/config"
+import { InstanceState } from "@/effect/instance-state"
+import { InstanceStore } from "@/project/instance-store"
 import { Provider } from "@/provider/provider"
 import { errors } from "../../error"
 import { lazy } from "@/util/lazy"
-import { jsonRequest } from "./trace"
+import { jsonRequest, runRequest } from "./trace"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import * as Log from "@opencode-ai/core/util/log"
+
+const log = Log.create({ service: "server.config" })
 
 export const ConfigRoutes = lazy(() =>
   new Hono()
@@ -51,13 +56,28 @@ export const ConfigRoutes = lazy(() =>
         },
       }),
       validator("json", Config.Info.zod),
-      async (c) =>
-        jsonRequest("ConfigRoutes.update", c, function* () {
-          const config = c.req.valid("json")
-          const cfg = yield* Config.Service
-          yield* cfg.update(config)
-          return config
-        }),
+      async (c) => {
+        const result = await runRequest(
+          "ConfigRoutes.update",
+          c,
+          Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const config = c.req.valid("json")
+            const cfg = yield* Config.Service
+            yield* cfg.update(config)
+            return { config, ctx: yield* InstanceState.context }
+          }),
+        )
+        const response = c.json(result.config)
+        void runRequest(
+          "ConfigRoutes.update.dispose",
+          c,
+          InstanceStore.Service.use((store) => store.dispose(result.ctx)).pipe(
+            Effect.uninterruptible,
+            Effect.catchCause((cause) => Effect.sync(() => log.warn("instance disposal failed", { cause }))),
+          ),
+        )
+        return response
+      },
     )
     .get(
       "/providers",

packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/event.ts

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ export const EventRoutes = () =>
 
         q.push(
           JSON.stringify({
+            id: Bus.createID(),
             type: "server.connected",
             properties: {},
           }),
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ export const EventRoutes = () =>
         const heartbeat = setInterval(() => {
           q.push(
             JSON.stringify({
+              id: Bus.createID(),
               type: "server.heartbeat",
               properties: {},
             }),

packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/api.ts

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import { SessionApi } from "./groups/session"
 import { SyncApi } from "./groups/sync"
 import { TuiApi } from "./groups/tui"
 import { WorkspaceApi } from "./groups/workspace"
+import { V2Api } from "./groups/v2"
 
 // SSE event schemas built from the same BusEvent/SyncEvent registries that
 // the Hono spec uses, so both specs emit identical Event/SyncEvent components.
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ export const InstanceHttpApi = HttpApi.make("opencode-instance")
   .addHttpApi(ProviderApi)
   .addHttpApi(SessionApi)
   .addHttpApi(SyncApi)
+  .addHttpApi(V2Api)
   .addHttpApi(TuiApi)
   .addHttpApi(WorkspaceApi)
 

packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/event.ts

@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@ function eventResponse(bus: Bus.Interface) {
   const events = bus.subscribeAll().pipe(Stream.takeUntil((event) => event.type === Bus.InstanceDisposed.type))
   const heartbeat = Stream.tick("10 seconds").pipe(
     Stream.drop(1),
-    Stream.map(() => ({ type: "server.heartbeat", properties: {} })),
+    Stream.map(() => ({ id: Bus.createID(), type: "server.heartbeat", properties: {} })),
   )
 
   log.info("event connected")
   return HttpServerResponse.stream(
-    Stream.make({ type: "server.connected", properties: {} }).pipe(
+    Stream.make({ id: Bus.createID(), type: "server.connected", properties: {} }).pipe(
       Stream.concat(events.pipe(Stream.merge(heartbeat, { haltStrategy: "left" }))),
       Stream.map(eventData),
       Stream.pipeThroughChannel(Sse.encode()),

packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/groups/global.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { Config } from "@/config/config"
 import { BusEvent } from "@/bus/bus-event"
 import { SyncEvent } from "@/sync"
+import "@/server/event"
 import { Schema } from "effect"
 import { HttpApi, HttpApiEndpoint, HttpApiError, HttpApiGroup, OpenApi } from "effect/unstable/httpapi"
 import { described } from "./metadata"

packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/groups/v2.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import { HttpApi, OpenApi } from "effect/unstable/httpapi"
+import { MessageGroup } from "./v2/message"
+import { SessionGroup } from "./v2/session"
+
+export const V2Api = HttpApi.make("v2")
+  .add(SessionGroup)
+  .add(MessageGroup)
+  .annotateMerge(
+    OpenApi.annotations({
+      title: "opencode experimental HttpApi",
+      version: "0.0.1",
+      description: "Experimental HttpApi surface for selected instance routes.",
+    }),
+  )

packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/groups/v2/message.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import { SessionID } from "@/session/schema"
+import { SessionMessage } from "@/v2/session-message"
+import { Schema } from "effect"
+import { HttpApiEndpoint, HttpApiError, HttpApiGroup, OpenApi } from "effect/unstable/httpapi"
+import { Authorization } from "../../middleware/authorization"
+
+export const MessageGroup = HttpApiGroup.make("v2.message")
+  .add(
+    HttpApiEndpoint.get("messages", "/api/session/:sessionID/message", {
+      params: { sessionID: SessionID },
+      query: Schema.Union([
+        Schema.Struct({
+          limit: Schema.optional(
+            Schema.NumberFromString.check(
+              Schema.isInt(),
+              Schema.isGreaterThanOrEqualTo(1),
+              Schema.isLessThanOrEqualTo(200),
+            ),
+          ).annotate({
+            description:
+              "Maximum number of messages to return. When omitted, the endpoint returns its default page size.",
+          }),
+          order: Schema.optional(Schema.Union([Schema.Literal("asc"), Schema.Literal("desc")])).annotate({
+            description: "Message order for the first page. Use desc for newest first or asc for oldest first.",
+          }),
+          cursor: Schema.optional(Schema.Never),
+        }),
+        Schema.Struct({
+          limit: Schema.optional(
+            Schema.NumberFromString.check(
+              Schema.isInt(),
+              Schema.isGreaterThanOrEqualTo(1),
+              Schema.isLessThanOrEqualTo(200),
+            ),
+          ).annotate({
+            description:
+              "Maximum number of messages to return. When omitted, the endpoint returns its default page size.",
+          }),
+          cursor: Schema.String.annotate({
+            description:
+              "Opaque pagination cursor returned as cursor.previous or cursor.next in the previous response. Do not combine with order.",
+          }),
+          order: Schema.optional(Schema.Never),
+        }),
+      ]).annotate({ identifier: "V2SessionMessagesQuery" }),
+      success: Schema.Struct({
+        items: Schema.Array(SessionMessage.Message),
+        cursor: Schema.Struct({
+          previous: Schema.String.pipe(Schema.optional),
+          next: Schema.String.pipe(Schema.optional),
+        }),
+      }).annotate({ identifier: "V2SessionMessagesResponse" }),
+      error: HttpApiError.BadRequest,
+    }).annotateMerge(
+      OpenApi.annotations({
+        identifier: "v2.session.messages",
+        summary: "Get v2 session messages",
+        description:
+          "Retrieve projected v2 messages for a session. Items keep the requested order across pages; use cursor.next or cursor.previous to move through the ordered timeline.",
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+  .annotateMerge(
+    OpenApi.annotations({
+      title: "v2 messages",
+      description: "Experimental v2 message routes.",
+    }),
+  )
+  .middleware(Authorization)

packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/groups/v2/session.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+import { WorkspaceID } from "@/control-plane/schema"
+import { SessionID } from "@/session/schema"
+import { SessionMessage } from "@/v2/session-message"
+import { Prompt } from "@/v2/session-prompt"
+import { SessionV2 } from "@/v2/session"
+import { Schema, SchemaGetter } from "effect"
+import { HttpApiEndpoint, HttpApiError, HttpApiGroup, HttpApiSchema, OpenApi } from "effect/unstable/httpapi"
+import { Authorization } from "../../middleware/authorization"
+
+export const SessionGroup = HttpApiGroup.make("v2.session")
+  .add(
+    HttpApiEndpoint.get("sessions", "/api/session", {
+      query: Schema.Union([
+        Schema.Struct({
+          limit: Schema.optional(
+            Schema.NumberFromString.check(
+              Schema.isInt(),
+              Schema.isGreaterThanOrEqualTo(1),
+              Schema.isLessThanOrEqualTo(200),
+            ),
+          ).annotate({
+            description: "Maximum number of sessions to return. Defaults to the newest 50 sessions.",
+          }),
+          order: Schema.optional(Schema.Union([Schema.Literal("asc"), Schema.Literal("desc")])).annotate({
+            description: "Session order for the first page. Use desc for newest first or asc for oldest first.",
+          }),
+          directory: Schema.String.pipe(Schema.optional),
+          path: Schema.String.pipe(Schema.optional),
+          workspace: WorkspaceID.pipe(Schema.optional),
+          roots: Schema.Literals(["true", "false"])
+            .pipe(
+              Schema.decodeTo(Schema.Boolean, {
+                decode: SchemaGetter.transform((value) => value === "true"),
+                encode: SchemaGetter.transform((value) => (value ? "true" : "false")),
+              }),
+            )
+            .pipe(Schema.optional),
+          start: Schema.NumberFromString.pipe(Schema.optional),
+          search: Schema.String.pipe(Schema.optional),
+          cursor: Schema.optional(Schema.Never),
+        }),
+        Schema.Struct({
+          limit: Schema.optional(
+            Schema.NumberFromString.check(
+              Schema.isInt(),
+              Schema.isGreaterThanOrEqualTo(1),
+              Schema.isLessThanOrEqualTo(200),
+            ),
+          ).annotate({
+            description: "Maximum number of sessions to return. Defaults to the newest 50 sessions.",
+          }),
+          cursor: Schema.String.annotate({
+            description:
+              "Opaque pagination cursor returned as cursor.previous or cursor.next in the previous response. Do not combine with order.",
+          }),
+          order: Schema.optional(Schema.Never),
+          directory: Schema.optional(Schema.Never),
+          path: Schema.optional(Schema.Never),
+          workspace: Schema.optional(Schema.Never),
+          roots: Schema.optional(Schema.Never),
+          start: Schema.optional(Schema.Never),
+          search: Schema.optional(Schema.Never),
+        }),
+      ]).annotate({ identifier: "V2SessionsQuery" }),
+      success: Schema.Struct({
+        items: Schema.Array(SessionV2.Info),
+        cursor: Schema.Struct({
+          previous: Schema.String.pipe(Schema.optional),
+          next: Schema.String.pipe(Schema.optional),
+        }),
+      }).annotate({ identifier: "V2SessionsResponse" }),
+      error: HttpApiError.BadRequest,
+    }).annotateMerge(
+      OpenApi.annotations({
+        identifier: "v2.session.list",
+        summary: "List v2 sessions",
+        description:
+          "Retrieve sessions in the requested order. Items keep that order across pages; use cursor.next or cursor.previous to move through the ordered list.",
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+  .add(
+    HttpApiEndpoint.post("prompt", "/api/session/:sessionID/prompt", {
+      params: { sessionID: SessionID },
+      payload: Schema.Struct({
+        prompt: Prompt,
+        delivery: SessionV2.Delivery.pipe(Schema.optional),
+      }),
+      success: SessionMessage.Message,
+    }).annotateMerge(
+      OpenApi.annotations({
+        identifier: "v2.session.prompt",
+        summary: "Send v2 message",
+        description: "Create a v2 session message and queue it for the agent loop.",
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+  .add(
+    HttpApiEndpoint.post("compact", "/api/session/:sessionID/compact", {
+      params: { sessionID: SessionID },
+      success: HttpApiSchema.NoContent,
+    }).annotateMerge(
+      OpenApi.annotations({
+        identifier: "v2.session.compact",
+        summary: "Compact v2 session",
+        description: "Compact a v2 session conversation.",
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+  .add(
+    HttpApiEndpoint.post("wait", "/api/session/:sessionID/wait", {
+      params: { sessionID: SessionID },
+      success: HttpApiSchema.NoContent,
+    }).annotateMerge(
+      OpenApi.annotations({
+        identifier: "v2.session.wait",
+        summary: "Wait for v2 session",
+        description: "Wait for a v2 session agent loop to become idle.",
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+  .add(
+    HttpApiEndpoint.get("context", "/api/session/:sessionID/context", {
+      params: { sessionID: SessionID },
+      success: Schema.Array(SessionMessage.Message),
+    }).annotateMerge(
+      OpenApi.annotations({
+        identifier: "v2.session.context",
+        summary: "Get v2 session context",
+        description: "Retrieve the active context messages for a v2 session (all messages after the last compaction).",
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+  .annotateMerge(
+    OpenApi.annotations({
+      title: "v2",
+      description: "Experimental v2 routes.",
+    }),
+  )
+  .middleware(Authorization)

packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/handlers/config.ts

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ export const configHandlers = HttpApiBuilder.group(InstanceHttpApi, "config", (h
     })
 
     const update = Effect.fn("ConfigHttpApi.update")(function* (ctx) {
-      yield* configSvc.update(ctx.payload, { dispose: false })
+      yield* configSvc.update(ctx.payload)
       yield* markInstanceForDisposal(yield* InstanceState.context)
       return ctx.payload
     })

packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/handlers/global.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import { Config } from "@/config/config"
 import { GlobalBus, type GlobalEvent as GlobalBusEvent } from "@/bus/global"
+import { EffectBridge } from "@/effect/bridge"
+import { Bus } from "@/bus"
 import { Installation } from "@/installation"
-import { InstanceStore } from "@/project/instance-store"
+import { disposeAllInstancesAndEmitGlobalDisposed } from "@/server/global-lifecycle"
 import { InstallationVersion } from "@opencode-ai/core/installation/version"
 import * as Log from "@opencode-ai/core/util/log"
 import { Effect, Queue, Schema } from "effect"
@@ -42,11 +44,11 @@ function eventResponse() {
   })
   const heartbeat = Stream.tick("10 seconds").pipe(
     Stream.drop(1),
-    Stream.map(() => ({ payload: { type: "server.heartbeat", properties: {} } })),
+    Stream.map(() => ({ payload: { id: Bus.createID(), type: "server.heartbeat", properties: {} } })),
   )
 
   return HttpServerResponse.stream(
-    Stream.make({ payload: { type: "server.connected", properties: {} } }).pipe(
+    Stream.make({ payload: { id: Bus.createID(), type: "server.connected", properties: {} } }).pipe(
       Stream.concat(events.pipe(Stream.merge(heartbeat, { haltStrategy: "left" }))),
       Stream.map(eventData),
       Stream.pipeThroughChannel(Sse.encode()),
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ export const globalHandlers = HttpApiBuilder.group(RootHttpApi, "global", (handl
   Effect.gen(function* () {
     const config = yield* Config.Service
     const installation = yield* Installation.Service
-    const store = yield* InstanceStore.Service
+    const bridge = yield* EffectBridge.make()
 
     const health = Effect.fn("GlobalHttpApi.health")(function* () {
       return { healthy: true as const, version: InstallationVersion }
@@ -83,15 +85,13 @@ export const globalHandlers = HttpApiBuilder.group(RootHttpApi, "global", (handl
     })
 
     const configUpdate = Effect.fn("GlobalHttpApi.configUpdate")(function* (ctx) {
-      return yield* config.updateGlobal(ctx.payload)
+      const result = yield* config.updateGlobal(ctx.payload)
+      if (result.changed) bridge.fork(disposeAllInstancesAndEmitGlobalDisposed({ swallowErrors: true }))
+      return result.info
     })
 
     const dispose = Effect.fn("GlobalHttpApi.dispose")(function* () {
-      yield* store.disposeAll()
-      GlobalBus.emit("event", {
-        directory: "global",
-        payload: { type: "global.disposed", properties: {} },
-      })
+      yield* disposeAllInstancesAndEmitGlobalDisposed()
       return true
     })
 

packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/handlers/provider.ts

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ export const providerHandlers = HttpApiBuilder.group(InstanceHttpApi, "provider"
 
     const list = Effect.fn("ProviderHttpApi.list")(function* () {
       const config = yield* cfg.get()
-      const all = yield* Effect.promise(() => ModelsDev.get())
+      const all = yield* ModelsDev.Service.use((s) => s.get())
       const disabled = new Set(config.disabled_providers ?? [])
       const enabled = config.enabled_providers ? new Set(config.enabled_providers) : undefined
       const filtered: Record<string, (typeof all)[string]> = {}

packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/handlers/session.ts

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import { Todo } from "@/session/todo"
 import { MessageID, PartID, SessionID } from "@/session/schema"
 import { NotFoundError } from "@/storage/storage"
 import { NamedError } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/error"
-import { Cause, Effect, Schema, Scope } from "effect"
+import { Cause, Effect, Option, Schema, Scope } from "effect"
 import * as Stream from "effect/Stream"
 import { HttpServerRequest, HttpServerResponse } from "effect/unstable/http"
 import { HttpApiBuilder, HttpApiError, HttpApiSchema } from "effect/unstable/httpapi"
@@ -125,7 +125,9 @@ export const sessionHandlers = HttpApiBuilder.group(InstanceHttpApi, "session",
           if (!page.cursor) return page.items
 
           const request = yield* HttpServerRequest.HttpServerRequest
-          const url = new URL(request.url, "http://localhost")
+          // toURL() honors the Host + x-forwarded-proto headers, so the Link
+          // header echoes the real origin instead of a hard-coded localhost.
+          const url = Option.getOrElse(HttpServerRequest.toURL(request), () => new URL(request.url, "http://localhost"))
           url.searchParams.set("limit", ctx.query.limit.toString())
           url.searchParams.set("before", page.cursor)
           return HttpServerResponse.jsonUnsafe(page.items, {

packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/handlers/v2.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import { SessionV2 } from "@/v2/session"
+import { Layer } from "effect"
+import { messageHandlers } from "./v2/message"
+import { sessionHandlers } from "./v2/session"
+
+export const v2Handlers = Layer.mergeAll(sessionHandlers, messageHandlers).pipe(Layer.provide(SessionV2.defaultLayer))

packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/handlers/v2/message.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import { SessionMessage } from "@/v2/session-message"
+import { SessionV2 } from "@/v2/session"
+import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
+import * as DateTime from "effect/DateTime"
+import { HttpApiBuilder, HttpApiError } from "effect/unstable/httpapi"
+import { InstanceHttpApi } from "../../api"
+
+const DefaultMessagesLimit = 50
+
+const Cursor = Schema.Struct({
+  id: SessionMessage.ID,
+  time: Schema.Finite,
+  order: Schema.Union([Schema.Literal("asc"), Schema.Literal("desc")]),
+  direction: Schema.Union([Schema.Literal("previous"), Schema.Literal("next")]),
+})
+
+const decodeCursor = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Cursor)
+
+const cursor = {
+  encode(message: SessionMessage.Message, order: "asc" | "desc", direction: "previous" | "next") {
+    return Buffer.from(
+      JSON.stringify({ id: message.id, time: DateTime.toEpochMillis(message.time.created), order, direction }),
+    ).toString("base64url")
+  },
+  decode(input: string) {
+    return decodeCursor(JSON.parse(Buffer.from(input, "base64url").toString("utf8")))
+  },
+}
+
+export const messageHandlers = HttpApiBuilder.group(InstanceHttpApi, "v2.message", (handlers) =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
+
+    return handlers.handle(
+      "messages",
+      Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+        const decoded = yield* Effect.try({
+          try: () => (ctx.query.cursor ? cursor.decode(ctx.query.cursor) : undefined),
+          catch: () => new HttpApiError.BadRequest({}),
+        })
+        const order = decoded?.order ?? ctx.query.order ?? "desc"
+        const messages = yield* session.messages({
+          sessionID: ctx.params.sessionID,
+          limit: ctx.query.limit ?? DefaultMessagesLimit,
+          order,
+          cursor: decoded ? { id: decoded.id, time: decoded.time, direction: decoded.direction } : undefined,
+        })
+        const first = messages[0]
+        const last = messages.at(-1)
+        return {
+          items: messages,
+          cursor: {
+            previous: first ? cursor.encode(first, order, "previous") : undefined,
+            next: last ? cursor.encode(last, order, "next") : undefined,
+          },
+        }
+      }),
+    )
+  }),
+)

packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/handlers/v2/session.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+import { WorkspaceID } from "@/control-plane/schema"
+import { SessionV2 } from "@/v2/session"
+import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
+import { HttpApiBuilder, HttpApiError, HttpApiSchema } from "effect/unstable/httpapi"
+import { InstanceHttpApi } from "../../api"
+
+const DefaultSessionsLimit = 50
+
+const SessionCursor = Schema.Struct({
+  id: SessionV2.Info.fields.id,
+  time: Schema.Finite,
+  order: Schema.Union([Schema.Literal("asc"), Schema.Literal("desc")]),
+  direction: Schema.Union([Schema.Literal("previous"), Schema.Literal("next")]),
+  directory: Schema.String.pipe(Schema.optional),
+  path: Schema.String.pipe(Schema.optional),
+  workspaceID: WorkspaceID.pipe(Schema.optional),
+  roots: Schema.Boolean.pipe(Schema.optional),
+  start: Schema.Finite.pipe(Schema.optional),
+  search: Schema.String.pipe(Schema.optional),
+})
+type SessionCursor = typeof SessionCursor.Type
+
+const decodeCursor = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(SessionCursor)
+
+const sessionCursor = {
+  encode(
+    session: SessionV2.Info,
+    order: "asc" | "desc",
+    direction: "previous" | "next",
+    filters: Pick<SessionCursor, "directory" | "path" | "workspaceID" | "roots" | "start" | "search">,
+  ) {
+    return Buffer.from(
+      JSON.stringify({ id: session.id, time: session.time.created, order, direction, ...filters }),
+    ).toString("base64url")
+  },
+  decode(input: string) {
+    return decodeCursor(JSON.parse(Buffer.from(input, "base64url").toString("utf8")))
+  },
+}
+
+export const sessionHandlers = HttpApiBuilder.group(InstanceHttpApi, "v2.session", (handlers) =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
+
+    return handlers
+      .handle(
+        "sessions",
+        Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+          const decoded = yield* Effect.try({
+            try: () => (ctx.query.cursor ? sessionCursor.decode(ctx.query.cursor) : undefined),
+            catch: () => new HttpApiError.BadRequest({}),
+          })
+          const order = decoded?.order ?? ctx.query.order ?? "desc"
+          const filters = decoded ?? {
+            directory: ctx.query.directory,
+            path: ctx.query.path,
+            workspaceID: ctx.query.workspace ? WorkspaceID.make(ctx.query.workspace) : undefined,
+            roots: ctx.query.roots,
+            start: ctx.query.start,
+            search: ctx.query.search,
+          }
+          const sessions = yield* session.list({
+            limit: ctx.query.limit ?? DefaultSessionsLimit,
+            order,
+            directory: filters.directory,
+            path: filters.path,
+            workspaceID: filters.workspaceID,
+            roots: filters.roots,
+            start: filters.start,
+            search: filters.search,
+            cursor: decoded ? { id: decoded.id, time: decoded.time, direction: decoded.direction } : undefined,
+          })
+          const first = sessions[0]
+          const last = sessions.at(-1)
+          return {
+            items: sessions,
+            cursor: {
+              previous: first ? sessionCursor.encode(first, order, "previous", filters) : undefined,
+              next: last ? sessionCursor.encode(last, order, "next", filters) : undefined,
+            },
+          }
+        }),
+      )
+      .handle(
+        "prompt",
+        Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+          return yield* session.prompt({
+            sessionID: ctx.params.sessionID,
+            prompt: ctx.payload.prompt,
+            delivery: ctx.payload.delivery ?? SessionV2.DefaultDelivery,
+          })
+        }),
+      )
+      .handle(
+        "compact",
+        Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+          yield* session.compact(ctx.params.sessionID)
+          return HttpApiSchema.NoContent.make()
+        }),
+      )
+      .handle(
+        "wait",
+        Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+          yield* session.wait(ctx.params.sessionID)
+          return HttpApiSchema.NoContent.make()
+        }),
+      )
+      .handle(
+        "context",
+        Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+          return yield* session.context(ctx.params.sessionID)
+        }),
+      )
+  }),
+)